Infusing Advanced Manufacturing into Undergraduate Engineering Education (2023) / Chapter Skim
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5 Engineering Education for a Changing Future
5 Engineering Education for a Changing Future
Pages 68-82
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From page 68... ...
Advanced manufacturing generates innovations in two ways: in existing manufacturing techniques, equipment, and software, and in novel manufacturing approaches, tools, and processes. This report makes recommendations for improving undergraduate education in advanced manufacturing given the state of today's advanced manufacturing technologies and their propagation in education and industry.
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From page 69... ...
Traditional factory machinery is usually introduced in engineering education programs, but new equipment and processes -- such as in advanced manufacturing -- will require the designer to learn both basics and details. While some of this information will be covered by instruction manuals or online training, ultimately the designer will need to ask questions and take advice from the engineers or technicians in the factory, seeking facts, ideas, and suggestions.
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From page 70... ...
It is a way to evaluate and recruit a student while also help ing the student. • Vendors of advanced manufacturing equipment and software pub lish tutorials, specifications, manuals, and application notes on the network.
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From page 71... ...
Despite rapid developments and improvements, the fundamental techniques emerging in advanced manufacturing, especially in additive manufacturing, digital control, and robotics, and their influence on engineering design, seem certain to endure. A comprehensive undergraduate education that covers these fundamentals will make it easier for an engineer to adapt to evolving changes, such as: • New additive manufacturing methods, many of which are mod est derivatives of those already introduced.
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From page 72... ...
What machines will be linked in a typi cal automated "advanced manufacturing factory? " Will small-scale robots be the key to flexibility to handle different part shapes?
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From page 73... ...
ENSURE SUFFICIENT DIGITAL PROFICIENCY FOR GRADUATES TO FUNCTION IN A COMPLEX DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT Engineering design and manufacturing depend on digital representations of designs, processes, and results. Designers use software to create digital models of their designs, which ultimately feed manufacturing processes such as CNC or three-dimensional (3D)
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From page 74... ...
In the future, modeling and simulation of digital twins are envisioned to eventually reduce product testing and validation requirements, manufacturing risk, and overall product development cost and span. Lockheed Martin sees digital twin models increasing in size and scope as a product is developed, manufactured, and operated (see Figure 5-1)
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From page 75... ...
integrated with other LM product DTs Modeling and Simulation • Is your DT representative of the physical with Physical Assets and with customer provided non LM asset? • Does your DT enable parts Do you have high fidelity or physics based assets in a common simulation • Did your DT baseline facilitate design monitoring, forecasting and digital twin models and simulations for : • Are your DT models routinely or environment?
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From page 76... ...
and the Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) define a digital twin as A set of virtual information constructs that mimics the structure, con text and behavior of an individual/unique physical asset, or a group of physical assets, is dynamically updated with data from its physical twin throughout its life cycle and informs decisions that realize value.a The objective of a digital twin is to develop a virtual model of a real object or process that records its properties with enough fidelity to use the twin as its substitute for a variety of analyses.
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From page 77... ...
Only trial, error, and experience will show the trade-offs between model complexity and effectiveness. Digital threads and twins are the principal themes of Industry 4.0, a collection of innovations that are sometimes characterized as "The Fourth Industrial Revolution." a This definition mentions only physical assets and not processes; there is some variation in definitions, but the principles and objectives are the same.
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From page 78... ...
Software tools are available to build and modify models, to run simulations, and to do various kinds of design analysis. An engineering design team may need to use many different software tools, data formats, and vendor services to develop the digital picture of a design.
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From page 79... ...
This situation is commonplace for software engineers, for whom producing a single software product may require the exact management of several thousand digital files of source code, software tools of varying provenance and version, test data, bug reports, scripts to drive the software "tool chain" that compiles, assembles, and tests the software, and so on. Software tools and practices have evolved to manage project data for large teams.
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From page 80... ...
• Techniques for modeling engineering processes and products, of the sort used in digital twins, could be covered and practiced in engineering programs. MATLAB examples can introduce modeling and simulation, but asking students to make a small modification to a large-scale model can build an appreciation of the difficulty of modeling with the scale and precision required by digital twins.
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From page 81... ...
A major role for industry is to inspire every new wave by showcasing its huge assortment of exciting innovations, including advanced manufacturing. In the introduction to this report, the committee sketched a vision of a collaborative, interdisciplinary engineering future: a culture of engineers -- both academic and industrial -- who continuously embrace advanced manufacturing innovations and ramifications, such as in new materials and design opportunities, and who work together to couple design and manufacturing in an engineering ecosystem.
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