Advancing Research on Understanding Environmental Effects of UV Filters from Sunscreens Proceedings of a Workshop (2023) / Chapter Skim
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UV Filter Chemistry for Accurate DoseResponse Relationships
UV Filter Chemistry for Accurate DoseResponse Relationships
Pages 5-13
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From page 5... ...
Impacts likely vary depending on environmental parameters such as air temperature, water temperature, salinity, and pH level, as well as how the UV filter interacts with other molecules, its particle size, and its potential for aggregation (see Figure 1) .1 UV filters can disrupt a variety of physical and chemical processes in an environment, such as through direct or indirect phototransformation, or produce potentially toxic reactive oxygen species such as oxygen peroxide.
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From page 6... ...
Noting that laboratories cannot accurately recreate environmental conditions, Díaz-Cruz said it will be important to conduct field studies to address these questions, including consideration of the specific water dynamics of particular areas. To advance this work, she said there is also a need for researchers to develop and share standardized methods, field blanks, quality controls, and reliable laboratory-based or experimental bioconcentration factors and bioaccumulation factors.
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From page 7... ...
Gonsior said that laboratory storage standards are needed to avoid degradation and account for interaction, photoreaction, pH levels, and transesterification, a process in which interacting compounds exchange parts.4 Quantifying the solubility of UV filters is critical to understanding their environmental fate, he said, but little solubility data are available, and solubility can also vary depending on the environment. In addition, UV filter particles can create a microlayer on the sea surface or other hydrophilic photoproducts instead of dissolving.
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From page 8... ...
PANEL DISCUSSION Scott Belanger (Procter & Gamble, retired) , brought Díaz-Cruz and Gonsior together with three additional panelists to discuss opportunities to overcome the challenges in order to improve understanding the environmental fates of UV filters and inform the chemical analyses necessary to advance ERAs for these chemicals.
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From page 9... ...
While understanding the intrinsic qualities of discrete elements like UV filters is important, Reynertson posited that it is even more important to understand the mechanisms and potential matrix effects of these complex formulations. Following panelists' opening remarks, Belanger moderated a discussion addressing testing challenges, how UV filters compare to other chemicals, and opportunities to advance research.
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From page 10... ...
Those studies can then be used to measure internal and external concentrations in the test systems. Asked to discuss test equipment that could be useful for studies in this area, Gonsior replied that he uses CDN Isotopes for readily available deuterated standards, which offers the suppression, retention, time, and confirmation for each individual compound needed to avoid false positives and optimize chromatography.
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From page 11... ...
What Are the Main Chemistry Challenges When Working with UV Filters? To inform ERAs, several participants emphasized it may be vital to further elucidate the physical and chemical properties of UV filters and the changes they undergo once released into the environment.
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From page 12... ...
For example, a participant suggested focused, collaborative efforts by analytical chemistry developers and users to create interlaboratory standardized, centralized, shareable, reliable, and reproducible analytical methods and/or best practices for monitoring, sampling, transport, storage, data usage, reporting, and quality assurance/quality control procedures for studies of UV filter contamination. Other participants suggested a synthetic matrix and standard reference materials, such as for organisms, seawater, water depth level, or background concentration levels, as well as interlaboratory comparison studies and high-resolution mass spectrometry image and video tools.
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From page 13... ...
. Examples of particular organizations and programs that could be leveraged to help advance collaborations around UV filters identified by participants include Canada's Experimental Lakes Area, EPA's Safe and Sustainable Water Resources and Chemical Safety for Sustainability research programs, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S.
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