Toward a 21st Century National Data Infrastructure: Enhancing Survey Programs by Using Multiple Data Sources (2023) / Chapter Skim
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, satellite and sensor data, private-sector data such as electronic health records and credit card transaction data, and massive amounts of data available on the internet. How can these new data sources be used to supplement or replace some of the 1
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discussed legal, privacy, and access issues related to using alternative data sources for official statistics, and it identified seven key attributes for a new data infrastructure. The Statement of Task for this second panel, the Panel on the Implications of Using Multiple Data Sources for Major Survey Programs, directed the panel to examine how survey programs might be affected by the use of alternative data sources, including: • Addressing changes in measurement with new data sources; • Approaches for linking alternative data sources to universe frames to assess and enhance representativeness; and • Implications of new data sources for population subgroup coverage and life-course longitudinal data.
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Alternative data sources can advance data equity by identifying data gaps or misrepresentations, providing information about population members underrepresented in surveys (for example, persons experiencing homelessness or in institutions such as nursing homes) , and producing statistics that are disaggregated by race, ethnicity, education, disability status, and other characteristics of interest.
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These improvements range from providing information for improving current surveys to having the option of replacing surveys altogether. Use of multiple data sources could: • Provide information for evaluating and improving quality of data sources.
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Census Bureau and state-level projects that link records from various administrative data sources to create new data products. Some data sources used to produce statistics have relied on admin istrative data supplied by state and local governments since their inception.
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CONCLUSION 3-2: Record linkage can merge information from sepa rate data sources and add variables that are needed to produce dis aggregated statistics. But linkage procedures may also introduce biases because linkage errors can disproportionately affect members of some population subgroups.
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But there are many opportunities for enhancing survey information with data from other sources, or for reducing burden on survey respondents by obtaining information elsewhere. For some topics and for some parts of the population, administrative records or other data sources can provide more timely, accurate, or granular information than surveys, and at reduced cost.
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These include the crucial issues of establishing cyberinfrastructure tailored to integrated data, sharing the benefits of enhanced data resources with researchers and the public while protecting the confidentiality of information contained in the data, investigating issues of data ownership, involving data users and community members in data decisions, and ensuring transparency. The panel believes that these challenges can be met and that a new data infrastructure can be developed to produce improved statistical information for the public good.
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