Addressing the Long-Term Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Families (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 57-77
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-- a recent study found a link between adolescent mobile phone addiction during the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent suicide risk (Li
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However, there are significant societal disparities in resource availability over time and in different communities. During a pandemic, the federal, state, and local governments may successfully implement such programs as the Child Tax Credit and emergency cash assistance to protect against increased rates of poverty (Tipping Point Community, 2021)
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, despite the fact that Native Americans have had one of the highest shares of vaccination rates in the country (Carroll et al., 2021; Crepelle, 2021; Silberner, 2021)
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Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(49)
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. Social distance brings Native Americans together amid a difficult time.
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. Posttraumatic stress in children with first re sponders in their families.
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Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69(34)
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. COVID-19 risk factors and mortality among Native Americans.
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. Experiences and perceptions of family members of emergency first responders with post-traumatic stress disorder: A qualitative systematic review protocol.
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Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 70(37)
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Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71, 730–733. http://dx.doi.
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. Gene expression patterns asso ciated with posttraumatic stress disorder following exposure to the World Trade Center attacks.
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It is too soon to know the full consequences of the pandemic, but many organizations that work at the intersection of trauma and adversity, child development, and education have predicted the need for increased support for children who are experiencing the effects of such a prolonged, unpredictable, and stressful health crisis (e.g., National Child Traumatic Stress Network; National Association of School Psychologists; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; Trauma Learning and Policy Initiative; Gurwitch & Brymer, 2020; National Association of School Psychologists and National Association of School Nurses, 2020; Mental Health Technology Transfer Center Network, 2020; Trauma and Learning Policy Initiative, 2020)
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SHORT-TERM EFFECTS AND CONSEQUENCES Short-Term Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Consequences As described in Chapters 1 and 2, child and family life has been fundamentally altered by the primary and secondary exposures to COVID-19, including the substantial public health measures intended to reduce the disease's spread. Notably, widespread closures of child care programs and schools affected children worldwide.
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, which is often understood to represent underlying emotional and mental health issues. Indeed, a growing body of empirical research is drawing attention to concerning trends in children's behavioral health.
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. Delays, Derailments, and Cascades Researchers focused on child traumatic stress have used a conceptual framework that balances consideration of the developmental consequences and psychopathology and their interplay (Pynoos et al., 1999)
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. Furthermore, 40 percent of parents reported returning to a state of more worrying about their young adult children, and 25 percent reported more conflict and disruption to their daily lives because the parents were ready to move to the next stage of their lives, now delayed because of children returning home (Hall & Zygmunt, 2021)
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. While the societal values and investment in the social contract that will emerge from this pandemic among the current child and adolescent generations are unknown, disaster and adolescent traumatic stress studies suggest that high exposure and persistent adversity can alter the moral development of a generation (Goenjian et al., 1999)
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SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS 75 they go about theirs (in relation to coworkers, friends, and partners) , all of which have been substantially influenced by the pandemic.
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76 ADDRESSING THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC adversity, including optimism and beliefs that value close relationships with family and community residents. These resources have been linked to increased capacity to adapt and engage in adaptive problem-solving strategies and, in turn, create renewed strength and resourcefulness, or self-righting, and growth in response to crises or challenges (Walsh, 2003)
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In addition, some interventions are designed to provide children and adolescents with opportunities to learn and practice foundational social and emotional skills and perspectives that enable them to manage and respond to ongoing experiences of uncertainty and disruption. Across the interventions, a central feature is a connection to adults and experiences that offer opportunities for ongoing screening and observation to identify children and adolescents who are struggling and to connect them to needed support.
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