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From page 123... ... Includes participants with reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1 and breastfeeding children with dietary recall status = reported consuming breast milk and have dietary data; estimates other than for pregnant and lactating women adjusted for age, day of the week, and weekend. Selected percentiles are provided in this table, see the Supplemental Appendix Table X-1 for the complete set of percentiles. Read the entire page →
From page 124... ... TABLE 6-2 Total Energy Intake (kcal/d) : Usual Intake from Food, Canada, 2015 124 Age or 5th 10th 25th 50th 75th 90th 95th Sex Life Stage n Mean SEM %tile SE %tile SE %tile SE %tile SE %tile SE %tile SE %tile SE Male 1–3 y 665 1,367 25 858 148* Read the entire page →
From page 125... ... or invalid intakes, breastfed children and pregnant or breastfeeding women. Selected percentiles are provided in this table, see the Supplemental Appendix Table X-8 for the complete set of percentiles. Read the entire page →
From page 126... ... Data are from Appendix Tables L-1, L-2, L-5, L-6 and Supplemental Appendix Tables Y-1 and Y-2. See Supplemental Appendix Y for the expanded set of tables. Read the entire page →
From page 127... ... Data are from Appendix Tables L-3, L-4, L-7, and L-8. See Supplemental Appendix Y for the expanded set of tables. Read the entire page →
From page 128... ... BMI categories for children: underweight: < 5th percentile for age; normal weight: 5th percentile to < 85th percentile; overweight: 85th percentile to < 95th percentile; obesity: ≥ 95th percentile. See Appendix Table L-10b for Canadian data on prevalence of weight categories for children using WHO rather than CDC criteria. Read the entire page →
From page 129... ... Data on the prevalence of obesity by race and ethnicity are also available for U.S. and Canadian populations (See Supplemental Appendix Tables Y-14, Y-15, Y-16, and Y-17) Read the entire page →
From page 130... ... and Canadian life-stage groups using Z-statistic; Z-score > 1.96 significant at p < .05 SOURCE: From Appendix Tables L-11 and L-12. See Supplemental Appendix Y for expanded tables. Read the entire page →
From page 131... ... males not 19 to 30 years and for Canadian males older than 70 years are in the substantially increased risk category. Most Canadian males are in the increased risk category (94–102 cm [37–40 in.] Read the entire page →
From page 132... ... DXA measures from NHANES for race/ethnicity groups (see Supplemental Appendix Tables Y-93 and Y-94) indicate that mean percent body fat for U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 133... ... * NOTES: BMI = body mass index; cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; SE = standard error. Read the entire page →
From page 134... ... 0.87 (0.00) NOTES: BMI = body mass index; cm = centimeter; kg = kilogram; m = meter; SE = standard error. Read the entire page →
From page 135... ... . See Supplemental Appendix Tables Y-87 to Y-94 for the expanded set of tables. Read the entire page →
From page 136... ... Indicators of Physical Activity The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommends that children ages 6 through 17 years get 60 minutes per day of moderateto-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) , to include muscle- and bonestrengthening activities as well as aerobic activity (DHHS, 2018) Read the entire page →
From page 137... ... Devices generally cannot measure muscle-strengthening physical activity. A systematic review by Foulds et al. Read the entire page →
From page 138... ... This indicates that the terms are not interchangeable. Physical activity is movement, whereas energy expenditure reflects age, sex, body mass, and economy of movement. Read the entire page →
From page 139... ... Indicators of Body Weight and Adiposity Findings he committee finds that the available NHANES and CHMS data T provide a wealth of information on the indicators of long-term energy intakes that exceed the intakes needed to maintain healthy body weight (i.e., weight and body composition status of U.S. and Canadian population groups) Read the entire page →
From page 140... ... 2019. Validity of dietary assessment methods when compared to the method of doubly labeled water: A systematic review in adults. Read the entire page →
From page 141... ... 2013. A systematic review of physical activity levels in Native American populations in Canada and the United States in the last 50 years. Read the entire page →
From page 142... ... American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 68(4) Read the entire page →
From page 143... ... 2019. People with a body mass index 30 under-report their dietary intake: A systematic review. Read the entire page →
From page 145... ... Weight gain or weight loss may be desirable in some cases, but EER prediction equations are not designed for those goals. In this chapter, the committee examines appropriate uses of the calculated energy expenditure equations to predict EERs of the general population, including individuals and groups. Read the entire page →
From page 146... ... monitor body weight over time and adjust energy intake as needed to maintain an appropriate body weight. Because a critical element in selecting the appropriate EER equation is identifying the correct PAL category, this step is described in the following section along with descriptions of the planning process for individuals and for groups. Read the entire page →
From page 147... ... Separate equations to predict the EER were developed for each PAL category. In this context, the four PAL categories reflect energy expenditure (kcal/d) Read the entire page →
From page 148... ... + 60 minutes vacuuming, raking moderate doubles tennis the lawn, etc.) cycling + 40 minutes doubles tennis NOTE: ADL = activities of daily living; mph = miles per hour; PAL = physical activity level. Read the entire page →
From page 149... ... . Additional considerations are involved when planning energy intakes for the life stages of pregnancy and lactation and for other individuals whose energy requirements are not specifically addressed by the EER equations (including those seeking to lose or gain weight, as well as individuals with extremely high levels of physical activity) Read the entire page →
From page 150... ... c active to active active 3 15.5 142 138 167 0.092 100 97 117 4 17.8 130 152 205 0.089 82 96 129 5 20.5 119 170 249 0.087 67 95 140 6 22.5 109 182 282 0.084 58 96 149 7 26.2 100 207 340 0.082 47 96 158 8 29.5 98 228 386 0.079 42 98 166 9 31.8 95 244 421 0.077 39 100 172 10 38.7 123 293 501 0.074 43 102 175 11 44.6 133 333 578 0.072 41 104 180 12 46.4 122 345 609 0.069 38 108 190 13 55.4 144 407 723 0.067 39 110 195 14 59.9 148 438 784 0.064 39 114 205 15 66.1 180 482 852 0.062 44 118 208 16 66.8 186 488 860 0.059 47 124 218 17 72.1 213 525 918 0.057 52 128 223 18 71 202 517 908 0.054 53 135 237 NOTES: d = day; EER = estimated energy requirement; h = hour; kcal = kilocalorie; kg = kilogram; km = kilometer; min = minute; mph = miles per hour; y = year. See Chapter 5, Table 5-15 for EER equations. Read the entire page →
From page 151... ... c active active active 3 14.9 33 95 142 0.095 23 67 100 4 17.7 59 123 208 0.091 37 76 129 5 19.7 87 151 276 0.088 50 87 159 6 22.4 112 178 340 0.085 59 93 179 7 25.7 124 197 374 0.081 60 95 180 8 28.3 144 220 426 0.078 65 100 193 9 33.4 161 249 477 0.074 65 101 193 10 39.5 172 276 516 0.071 61 98 184 11 43.6 200 310 589 0.068 67 105 199 12 52.1 194 331 598 0.064 58 99 179 13 52.2 209 343 631 0.061 66 108 198 14 59.5 207 364 645 0.058 60 105 187 15 58.1 206 359 638 0.054 66 114 203 16 61.8 204 368 643 0.051 65 117 204 17 65.1 199 375 641 0.047 65 123 209 18 62.7 204 371 646 0.044 74 134 234 NOTES: d = day; EER = estimated energy requirement; h = hour; kcal = kilocalorie; kg = kilogram; km = kilometer; min = minute; mph = miles per hour; y = year. See Chapter 5, Table 5-15 for EER equations. Read the entire page →
From page 152... ... The EER equations are summarized in Chapter 5 and organized by age/sex group and PAL category (see Table 5-15 for children and adolescents and Table 5-16 for adults) Read the entire page →
From page 153... ... For individuals whose energy requirements differ from the EER, providing energy intakes equal to the EER would lead to weight gain or loss over time. Adolescent Male The second example is a 15-year-old boy who is 170 cm in height, weighs 66 kg, and is determined to have an "active" PAL. Read the entire page →
From page 154... ... Thus, selecting the appropriate EER equation for pregnancy is based on current physical activity level, weight, age, height, and weeks of pregnancy, plus the appropriate extra calories per BMI category needed for energy deposition. The IOM gestational weight gain recommendations apply to all women, regardless of age (IOM and NRC, 2009) Read the entire page →

From page 123...

... Includes participants with reliable 24-hour dietary recall on day 1 and breastfeeding children with dietary recall status = reported consuming breast milk and have dietary data; estimates other than for pregnant and lactating women adjusted for age, day of the week, and weekend. Selected percentiles are provided in this table, see the Supplemental Appendix Table X-1 for the complete set of percentiles.