Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy (2023) / Chapter Skim
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From page 15... ...
Repeated cycles of weight loss and regain have been shown to promote greater subsequent or future weight gain, and this has been hypothesized to occur through the process of adaptive thermogenesis or energy compensation and thus may predispose an individual to greater risk of obesity or increased adiposity as a consequence. Long-term obesity is a concern because of public health implications such as predisposition to risk of numerous chronic disease outcomes.
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Evidence on factors that affect energy metabolism and energy requirements in diverse populations is also lacking. Further, the effect of sarcopenic obesity on energy requirements is not well understood, nor is energy balance, energy expenditure, and energy compensation in individuals with BMI ≥ 50.
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Journal editors should require documentation from authors to show that articles accepted for publication have met quality factors for assessing energy intake imbalances. Application of the EER to Individuals and Population Groups To support the application of this report's recommendations and their translation to population-level survey data, research is needed on the relationship between TEE and PAL categories using metrics that define physical activity intensity and duration. Because of the complexity in factors associated with selecting a PAL category and calculating the EER, there is potential for error in calculation of the EER owing to misclassification.
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2000. Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in dietary assessment.
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Similarly, underconsumption of dietary energy without a reduction in physical activity energy expenditure can result in weight loss. Although fluctuation in daily energy intake is common, individual responses to energy balance and body weight are variable All energy supplied by foods derives from consumption of macro nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, protein, alcohol, and to a lesser extent, polyols, organic acids, and novel compounds.
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2003. Food energy - Methods of analysis and conversion factors.
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First is the continued rise in BMI-defined prevalences of overweight and obesity. Second, new scientific evidence has advanced knowledge about the energy requirements of individuals to balance energy expenditure and promote a normal weight status and reduce risk of chronic disease.
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From page 22... ...
The EER as originally defined for DRIs is a level of energy intake from food that is predicted to balance energy expenditure relative to an individual's body size and composition and level of physical activity that is consistent with long-term health, and that allows for the maintenance of normal physical activity. In children and pregnant or lactating females, the EER includes energy needs associated with tissue accretion or production of milk at rates consistent with maintaining health (IOM, 2002/2005)
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to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population; as intake increases above the UL, the potential risk of adverse effects may increase Acceptable A range of usual intakes for a macronutrient that is Macronutrient associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease while Distribution Ranges providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients; an AMDR (AMDR) is expressed as a percentage of total energy intake Chronic Disease Risk DRIs based on chronic disease reference values Reduction (CDRR)
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From page 24... ...
Updating and Revising the 2005 DRIs for Energy In the IOM (2002/2005) report, EER prediction equations for freeliving individuals with normal weight were developed from data on total daily energy expenditure measured by the doubly labeled water (DLW)
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