Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 183-188
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From page 183... ...
The analyses found that overweight and obesity were associated with a 24 percent increased risk for prediabetes, while overweight was associated with a 2-fold increased risk and obesity a 4.5-fold increased risk for type 2 diabetes. A systematic review to determine whether associations exist between sarcopenic obesity and risk of type 2 diabetes in adults with overweight and obesity found a 38 percent increased risk for type 2 diabetes among those with sarcopenic (compared to nonsarcopenic)
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From page 184... ...
and to determine if there was an association with disease independent of BMI in over 20,000 men participating in the Physicians' Health Study. The study found that among men with a BMI ≥ 27.6, there was a 73 percent increased risk for a CHD event, suggesting an association between abdominal adiposity and elevated risk of CHD in middle-aged and older men.
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From page 185... ...
A systematic review of 28 prospective cohort studies, with 28,784,269 participants and 127,161 lung cancer cases, examined associations between BMI and lung cancer risk. The review found that higher BMI was associated with lower lung cancer risk overall, but that multiple confounders, including smoking, preclinical cancer, and time lag affected the association.
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From page 186... ...
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was associated with a 54 percent increased risk of early onset colorectal cancer, with males at higher risk than females.
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From page 187... ...
BMI < 18.5 was associated with almost a 3-fold increased risk for fragility hip fracture, whereas a BMI > 30 decreased hip fracture risk by, on average, 42 percent. All-Cause Mortality Evidence from systematic reviews In addition to assessing the risk of hip fracture, Jiang et al.
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From page 188... ...
. Given the likelihood that weight gain in middle-aged to older adults is more likely to involve decreases in muscle mass and increases in abdominal adiposity as compared to younger adults, both systematic reviews selected studies with populations of middle-aged or older adults.
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