Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy (2023) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 19-30
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From page 19... ...
Similarly, underconsumption of dietary energy without a reduction in physical activity energy expenditure can result in weight loss. Although fluctuation in daily energy intake is common, individual responses to energy balance and body weight are variable All energy supplied by foods derives from consumption of macro nutrients: carbohydrates, fats, protein, alcohol, and to a lesser extent, polyols, organic acids, and novel compounds.
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From page 20... ...
Net (metabolizable energy) Non-obligatory dietary thermogenesis Thermogenesis due to effects of cold, drugs, hormones, bioactive compounds, or other stimulants FIGURE 1-1 Overview of food energy flow through the body for maintenance of energy balance.
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From page 21... ...
First is the continued rise in BMI-defined prevalences of overweight and obesity. Second, new scientific evidence has advanced knowledge about the energy requirements of individuals to balance energy expenditure and promote a normal weight status and reduce risk of chronic disease.
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From page 22... ...
The EER as originally defined for DRIs is a level of energy intake from food that is predicted to balance energy expenditure relative to an individual's body size and composition and level of physical activity that is consistent with long-term health, and that allows for the maintenance of normal physical activity. In children and pregnant or lactating females, the EER includes energy needs associated with tissue accretion or production of milk at rates consistent with maintaining health (IOM, 2002/2005)
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From page 23... ...
maintain energy balance in an adult of a defined age, sex, weight, height, and level of physical activity Estimated Average The average daily nutrient intake estimated to meet the Requirement (EAR) requirement of half the individuals in a particular sex and life-stage group Recommended Dietary The average daily dietary nutrient intake sufficient to meet Allowance (RDA)
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From page 24... ...
There is emerging evidence about the role of factors influencing energy balance in chronic disease risk that will influence future DRI reviews linked to the EER, the AMDR, and energy intake recommendations. Notably, digestible dietary fiber has been identified as the primary source of energy needed to support gut microbiota.
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From page 25... ...
Other significant variables for consideration include energy for growth and maturation and to support pregnancy, energy needs postpartum, energy intake amounts to achieve and maintain weight loss or weight gain, energy requirements to support recovery from disease and treatments or interventions such as surgery, and the health consequences of chronic overnutrition or undernutrition across the life span.
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From page 26... ...
The review will consider age, sex, body size, body composition, level of physical activity, and race/ethnicity, along with other factors that may be warranted based on available data. The committee will consider other significant variables, including energy needed for growth and maturation and to support pregnancy, energy needs postpartum, amounts to achieve and maintain weight loss or weight gain, requirements to support recovery from disease and treatments or interventions such as surgery, and the health consequences of chronic overnutrition or undernutrition across the life span.
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From page 27... ...
The committee also participated in open-session discussions held by the Standing Committee for the Review of the Dietary Reference Intakes Framework (the standing committee) to discuss questions about defining the DRI population.
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From page 28... ...
. In a letter report to the federal working group, the standing committee noted that the report, Guiding Principles for Developing Dietary Reference Intakes Based on Chronic Disease (NASEM, 2017)
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From page 29... ...
2017. Guiding prin ciples for developing Dietary Reference Intakes based on chronic disease.
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