Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy (2023) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 267-294
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 267... ...
high fat; physical activity) Study designs (of Include: primary studies • Randomized crossover trials (including N-of-1)
|
From page 268... ...
268 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR ENERGY Outcomes • Energy balance/imbalance/excess/deficit º Energy intake º Energy expenditure (TEE, REE, BMR, BEE, RMR) º Body weight º BMI • Energy utilization º Fat/carbohydrate/protein oxidation º Body fat º Body weight • Body composition º Lean mass º Fat mass º Body fat % º Body weight • Energy metabolism/metabolic efficiency/metabolic flexibility • Obesity risk º Body weight º BMI º Body fat % º Waist circumference º Visceral fat ª Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk º Body weight º BMI º Body fat % º Waist circumference º Visceral fat º Glucose º Insulin º HOMA-IR NOTE: BEE = basal energy expenditure; BMI = body mass index; BMR = basal metabolic rate; HOMA-IR = Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; REE = resting energy expenditure; RMR = resting metabolic rate.
|
From page 269... ...
high fat; physical activity) Study designs (of Include: primary studies • Randomized crossover trials included within the • Randomized clinical trials systematic reviews)
|
From page 270... ...
270 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR ENERGY Outcomes ª Energy balance/imbalance/excess/deficit º Energy intake º Energy expenditure (TEE, REE, BMR, BEE, RMR) º Body weight º BMI • Energy use º Fat/carbohydrate/protein oxidation º Body fat º Body weight • Energy metabolism/metabolic efficiency/metabolic flexibility • Obesity risk º Body weight º BMI º Body fat % º Waist circumference º Visceral fat • Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk º Body weight º BMI º Body fat % º Waist circumference º Visceral fat º Glucose º Insulin º HOMA-IR NOTE: BEE = basal energy expenditure; BMI = body mass index; BMR = basal metabolic rate; HOMA-IR = Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; REE = resting energy expenditure; RMR = resting metabolic rate.
|
From page 271... ...
Appendix F AMSTAR 2 Tool During the data extraction process of the umbrella review, the methodological quality of each systematic review was evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) quality assessment tool, with some minor adaptations for clarity.
|
From page 272... ...
• Yes: Double independent with reconciliation process OR Single with review by experienced systematic reviewer • No: Less stringent method used ºW e gave researchers the benefit of the doubt regarding their system atic review experience.
|
From page 273... ...
Did the review authors report on the sources of funding for the studies included in the review?
|
From page 274... ...
Did the review authors report any potential sources of conflict of interest, including any funding they received for conducting the review? • Yes • No OVERALL "QUALITY" The system for determining the quality, or methodological adequacy, of the systematic reviews was constructed by the committee based on concepts and terminology from AMSTAR 2.
|
From page 275... ...
Not well-done/reported systematic reviews Studies were downgraded to Not well-done/reported if • (1) Inadequate reporting of PICO [No]
|
From page 277... ...
Roger Zoh, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics Stephanie Dickinson, Executive Director, Biostatistics Consulting Center Lilian Golzarri Arroyo, Biostatistician II, Biostatistics Consulting Center Aaron Cohen, Biostatistician I, Biostatistics Consulting Center Jocelyn Mineo, Research Associate, Biostatistics Consulting Center 277
|
From page 278... ...
IAEA Data Preparation..........................................................................281 3. IOM Data Preparation............................................................................282 4.
|
From page 279... ...
The first task was to request data from the relevant sources, preparing Data Use Agreements (DUAs) as needed, including lists of the specific variables requested, including TEE, Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE; or basal metabolic rate [BMR]
|
From page 280... ...
Prediction equations were then developed by fitting linear models on TEE based on sex, age, PAL, weight, height, and body composition. Multiple imputation was used to estimate PAL across 20 versions of imputed data, where models were fit to each of the 20 imputations, and the results were pooled to identify final parameter estimates and standard errors (SEs) as defined by Rubin.3 Models were fit for the overall sample and were then separated by including different Body Mass Index (BMI [kg/height or length]
|
From page 281... ...
Allison and his team in an Excel file "IAEA DLW database 3.6.1 abbreviated for DRI group (allison) .xlsx".
|
From page 282... ...
2005. Dietary Reference Intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
|
From page 283... ...
TABLE I-2 Normal Weight Children, 3 Through 18 Years of Age º with Body Mass Index (BMI) > 85th Percentile TABLE I-3 Normal Weight Adults with Body Mass Index (BMI)
|
From page 284... ...
5. SOLNAS DATA PREPARATION DLW and physical activity data were obtained for Hispanic adults (19+)
|
From page 285... ...
data, data were kept from the main study for age and calorimeter weight, and the following variables were renamed: Weight_calorim = CSEA2 Age = CSEA3 EE_mean_kcald= CSEA4D1 EE_SD_kcald= CSEA4D2 EE_CV_kcald= CSEA4D3 The variable ‘EE_mean_kcald' was relabeled as ‘BEE.' The ethnicity for all participants in this study was coded as ‘Hispanic,' and none of the participants were pregnant or lactating. Physical activity data were also explored where 69 subjects had physical activity data from Actical.
|
From page 286... ...
The combined data set included 8,722 participants for preliminary descriptive statistics and visualizations before PAL exclusions and 8,600 observations after removing participants with PAL < 1 or > 2.5 as defined in section 6.3. Data coding and preparations were performed as follows: 6.1 Age Categories Age categories were defined as follows for descriptive statistics reports, according to "Life Stage" as indicated by WG1: • Infants are 0 to 11.99 months • Children are 12.0 months to 8.99 years • Teenagers are 9.0 to 18.99 years • Adults are 19.0 years to 101 years
|
From page 287... ...
For adults, PAL categories were defined by the quartiles for 19 to 70 years, but these PAL categories were applied to all adults, including those aged 71 and greater. PAL percentiles as calculated on the raw data (before imputation)
|
From page 288... ...
288 DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR ENERGY If 3.0= |
From page 289... ...
1985. Predicting basal metabolic rate, new standards and review of previous work.
|
From page 290... ...
2020. What proportion of planned missing data is allowed for unbiased estimates of the association between energy intake and body weight using multiple imputation?
|
From page 291... ...
2020. What proportion of planned missing data is allowed for unbiased estimates of the association between energy intake and body weight using multiple imputation?
|
From page 292... ...
TEE is estimated as a function of a person's age, height and weight, and PAL, as a categorical measure "PALCAT": Sedentary/Inactive, Low Active, Active, Very Active as described above based on PAL (=TEE/BEE)
|
From page 293... ...
ParameterEstimates=Par_&ag o ecat.; output out=newdf&agecat. p=predicted UCL=UCL LCL=LCL STDI=STDI; run; quit; Coefficients obtained from the ‘estimate' statements can then be presented more simply, to display an equation within each PAL category as: TEE = Intercept + A Age (years)
|
From page 294... ...
• MAE (Mean Absolute Error) • Mean squared error (MSE)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.