Mobility on Demand and Automated Driving Systems: A Framework for Public-Sector Assessment (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 114-120
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From page 114... ...
114 REPORT APPENDIX B: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES The following sections provide information on the technologies that can support AV/SAV operations. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Integrating a system, or more accurately a system of systems, in the AV ecosystem requires a rigorous yet adaptable approach to the discipline of systems engineering.
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From page 115... ...
115 REPORT sensing capabilities of multiple sensors, resulting in more reliable and robust perception with a broad sensing scope. The perception algorithms would frequently cross-check the data from different sensors to increase the chances that no object is left undetected and to eliminate false positives.
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From page 116... ...
116 REPORT low latency. Once the AV has access to the HD maps, it applies sophisticated matching algorithms on data collected by its sensors to locate its position with high accuracy -- to the nearest 10 cm -- in a process known as localization (Jo, Kim, and Sunwoo, 2018)
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From page 117... ...
117 REPORT SIMULTANEOUS LOCALIZATION AND MAPPING Automation requires high accuracy and reliable PNT because many safety-critical decisions depend upon positioning the vehicle within the surrounding environment and accurate timing to coordinate with other systems. However, with limited rights-of-way space the critical need for rapid processing speed, researchers and product manufacturers must continue to develop PNT systems that are smaller and faster.
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From page 118... ...
118 REPORT The geometry, color, reflective properties, and connectivity of traffic control devices and roadways impacts the performance of ADS perception systems. The geometry of the roadway can limit sensor line-of-sight.
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From page 119... ...
119 REPORT technology companies continue to research and develop ADS technologies, IOOs might consider activities that aid the deployment of such technologies. For example, IOOs may look to modify or update infrastructure design standards and/or policies, maintenance operations, and planning processes.
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From page 120... ...
120 REPORT Companies including Tesla and HERE are implementing over-the-air (OTA) updates, which will require secure connections to upload software and firmware updates to vehicles.
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