An Updated Measure of Poverty (Re)Drawing the Line (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 170-178
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From page 170... ...
The table documents the changes that were made since the first SPM poverty rates were released in 2011, which were implemented for estimates released beginning in 2021.
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Census Bureau (annually) : Consumer Income P-60 Publication Series and Poverty Thresholds Component Current Definition Commentary Changes Since Inception Unit for Family: Two or more people related by blood, Does not recognize increase in cohabitation None which marriage, or adoption living in same household or sharing of household costs among Poverty Unrelated Individual: Person living alone or with unrelated people.
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interviewed in February–April following income reference year. Known as the March Income Supplement prior to 2002 when the sample was expanded to improve state estimates of children's health insurance APP A-3
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population controls only partly corrects) a Abbreviations used in table: ACS, American Community Survey; AFDC/TANF, Aid to Families with Dependent Children/Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; CPI-U, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers; CPI-U-RS, CPI-U Research Series; CPS-ASEC, Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement; EITC, Earned Income Tax Credit; SIPP, Survey of Income and Program Participation; SSI, Supplemental Security Income; USDA, U.S.
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From page 174... ...
Census Bureau (annual) , Supplemental Poverty Measure; Bureau of Labor Statistics web site, Experimental Poverty Measures Original Thresholds/Threshold Adjustments: Originally, expenditures for all families with 2 children instead of 2 adults and 2 children (although latter Differences still the reference unit)
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From page 175... ...
-- basic bundle is FCSUti • Add home internet to the thresholds as a separate item (not geographically adjusted) -- becoming a necessity -- basic bundle is FCSUti Threshold Family composition: 3-parameter equivalence Re OPM: SPM's method for equivalizing 2021: See Poverty Threshold Concept Adjustments scale used to adjust 2-adult/2-child threshold for family needs is an improvement on the above differing numbers of adults and children, original idiosyncratic method (although no economies of scale: equivalence scale can be said to be "truth")
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From page 176... ...
expense of the noncustodial parent; Child Support and Alimony (for custodial parent) recognizes MOOP costs as nondiscretionary Private Disability and Retirement for the low-income population Cash Transfers: AFDC/TANF Social Security Ret./SSDI SSI Unemployment Insurance Veterans Payments, Workers Comp In-kind Transfers: SNAP, WIC, LIHEAP, NSLP, housing subsidies Minus: Net federal and state income taxes, FICA taxes MOOP expenses, including health insurance premiums Childcare expenses Other work-related expenses (e.g., commuting, uniforms)
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From page 177... ...
Treatment of Consistent Treatment: None Taxes Thresholds are after taxes (except for property and sales taxes included in FCSU spending and multiplier) Resources subtract federal and state income taxes and FICA taxes, using Census Bureau tax simulator Treatment of Consistent Treatment: Re OPM: SPM recognizes increased None Work-Related Thresholds include nonwork transportation need/spending by workers for childcare, Expenses Resources subtract childcare expenses and other commuting.
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From page 178... ...
of amounts for respondents reporting problems receipt; problem of misleadingly low or negative incomes; CE data also problematic a Abbreviations used in table: ACA, Affordable Care Act; ACS, American Community Survey; AFDC/TANF, Aid to Families with Dependent Children/Temporary Assistance for Needy Families; BLS, Bureau of Labor Statistics; CE, Consumer Expenditure Survey; CPI-U, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers; CU, consumer unit; FCSU, food, clothing, shelter, utilities; FCSUti, food, clothing, shelter, utilities, telephone, internet; LIHEAP, Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program; MOOP, medical out-of-pocket; MSA, Metropolitan Statistical Area; NSLP, National School Lunch Program; OPM, Official Poverty Measure; SSDI, Social Security Disability Insurance; SSI, Supplemental Security Income; SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. SOURCE: Panel generated.
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