The Role of Plant Agricultural Practices on Development of Antimicrobial Resistant Fungi Affecting Human Health Proceedings of a Workshop Series (2023) / Chapter Skim
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2 Fungal Pathogens in Plant and Human Health
2 Fungal Pathogens in Plant and Human Health
Pages 7-18
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, described the history, methodology, quality measures, and data products of the NASS Agricultural Chemical Use Program. Tim Corrigan, technical officer for AMR and One Health at the World Health Organization (WHO)
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Host-associated human pathogenic fungi have the capacity to survive mammalian temperatures, yet only 6 percent of fungi species are able to tolerate temperatures greater than 37 degrees Celsius (Robert and Casadevall, 2009)
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AGRICULTURAL CHEMICAL USE STATISTICAL PROGRAM Dorn described the USDA NASS Agricultural Chemical Use Program's history, methodology, quality measures, and data products. In the early 1990s, NASS began to collect and publish chemical use data.
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In 2019, the Agricultural Chemical Use Survey collected data on fungicide use on 21 different fruit crops among the 12 states that produce the majority of those crops.1 These data include total pounds of fungicide applied, specific active ingredients, and rates of use. Similarly, in 2020, NASS collected fungicide use data on 22 vegetable crops among the 18 highest producing states.
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Users will also be able to perform ad hoc queries on all years of historic data. QUADRIPARTITE ALLIANCE JOINT ACTIVITIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE Corrigan, who serves as WHO Liaison Officer to QJS on AMR, provided an overview of this partnership among the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
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. Global Collaborative Efforts Against Antimicrobial Resistance Corrigan noted that a key joint venture is the AMR Multi-Partner Trust Fund.
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Sheikh Hasina, prime minister of Bangladesh, and Mia Amor Mottley, prime minister of Barbados, serve as co-chairs. The group has developed six priority areas and corresponding key performance indicators, which include political action, transforming systems, surveillance, financing, research and development, and environment dimensions.4 Examples of the group's impact include helping to build the global consensus around reducing antimicrobial use in food systems, facilitating the Codex AMR negotiations to develop a framework of guidelines (FAO and WHO, 2022)
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14 FIGURE 2-1 Drivers of antimicrobial resistance.
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Replying to a query about the role of human body temperature in relation to fungal disease, Casadevall remarked that a recent study analyzed medical data spanning more than a century, finding that the human body temperature in the United States is decreasing over time (Protsiv et al., 2020)
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Corrigan stated that the QJS is not currently involved in any activities directly related to fungicide. However, a number of initiatives are under way in sector-specific responses linked to existing QJS activities, such as integrated surveillance.
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Candida auris and the Threat of New Fungal Diseases Chiller asked Casadevall to describe his hypothesis on the emergence of Candida auris. Casadevall replied that it is simple but has not been proven and will likely be difficult to prove.
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Similarly, coronaviruses were previously believed to cause only mild colds, yet three coronavirus epidemics have already taken place this century. Casadevall expressed concern regarding the potential emergence of a fungal disease that is transmissible through human-tohuman contact and is resistant to available antifungal drugs.
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