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Pages 11-23

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From page 11...
... The entire session was moderated by Mona ­Hanna-­Attisha, Michigan State University and Hurley Children's Hospi tal ­Pediatric Public Health. WHY ADDRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS TO CHILDREN'S ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH STILL MATTERS1 Despite progress on children's environmental health issues, such as the improvements to child health and economic gains from policies that reduced lead exposure, a great deal of work remains to improve children's health, asserted Woodruff.
From page 12...
... . • Action is needed on climate and heat adaptation to protect susceptible children from heatwaves because they are associated with health outcomes with life long impacts such as preterm birth, low birthweight, and infant hospitalization (Xu)
From page 13...
... Thus FQPA provides an opportunity to upgrade adjustment factors, which other agencies have done. For example, the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment has increased adjustment factors from 10 to 30 depending on age-specific differences in chemical metabolism between children and adults.
From page 14...
... Systematic changes will upgrade existing approaches to integrate the best available science in hazard and risk assessment, including making decisions on early indicators of harm. Children's Environmental Health, Research, and Civic Engagement2 According to Bernstein, environmental health concerns are not at the top of parents' minds.
From page 15...
... " Tools that can help include the social cost of carbon analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and assessment of state- and city-level policies. The first is a value placed upon CO2 emissions to encapsulate the externalized cost of greenhouse gas emissions on society; calculations typically do not account for health impacts due to data gaps.
From page 16...
... Because of their different personas, some reach very targeted audiences that are politically active but would never read a press release or a newspaper or watch TV. Bernstein cautioned that his center's influencers likely have more scientific training than the average media outlet.
From page 17...
... Among people exposed to heat waves, the risk of preterm birth increased by 16 percent; with a one-degree temperature increase, the risk of still birth also increased by 5 percent. Despite a greater amount of hetero­ geneity in effect estimates, positive associations were observed between heat exposure and low birthweight (Chersich et al., 2020)
From page 18...
... Xu recommended several areas for future research. A top priority is adaptive strategies co-designed with stakeholders -- children, their caregivers, pediatricians, child care professionals, and decision makers.
From page 19...
... Mark Miller of the California EPA said what resonated most for him was that "there is this intersection between climate change, plastics, air pollution, and chemical pollution and that the intersection magnifies the health impacts of each of these. There is a history in environmental health of identifying a problem and dealing with it within a particular industry, only to have it reemerge later in a different context.
From page 20...
... Pesticide exposure represents a snapshot in time, so fully capturing exposures and allowing an inference during critical windows would require 24-hour urine samples every day during pregnancy. This detailed level of exposure assessment is infeasible and cost prohibitive, as pesticide samples cost $100–150 per sample for just one chemical class.
From page 21...
... For example, a point of departure from a dose-response curve will be divided by an adjustment factor to determine a reference concentration or dose. Miller described that California uses different adjustment factors for different life stages: an adjustment of factor of 10 is used between the 3rd trimester of preg nancy and 3 years of age, and an adjustment factor 3 is used between the ages of 2 and 16.
From page 22...
... " According to Burke, the current exposure data does not allow the EPA to address environmental justice. No current exposure surveillance system can recognize other risk factors and high-risk communities.
From page 23...
... Kelly Ferguson, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, described the importance of dis­entangling heterogeneous health outcomes to improve research evaluating chemical exposures during pregnancy. Manish Arora, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, presented on prenatal exposures as markers for autism risk.


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