Advancing Chemistry and Quantum Information Science An Assessment of Research Opportunities at the Interface of Chemistry and Quantum Information Science in the United States (2023) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 11-24
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To address the challenges of developing new molecular approaches to creating and characterizing systems for QIS applications, this report takes a unique look at QIS research and development through the lens of chemical research. A chemistry approach may expand our understanding of QIS by demonstrating how to exploit the quantum properties of molecular systems effectively.
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government to maintain research thrusts that stimulate transformative and fundamental scientific discoveries, where the approaches put science first (Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science of the National Science and Technology Council 2018)
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NSF and DOE established 10 multidisciplinary centers across the United States, and the Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes and National Quantum Information Science Centers, respectively (Appendix C)
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• Assess recent and ongoing research in chemistry that draws upon chemistry's unique capabilities in the synthesis, measurement, and modeling of molecular systems to advance QIS. For example, the committee will consider research efforts to understand and control quantum phenomena in molecular systems and chemical environments that could be exploited in quantum systems, such as quantum sensors and quantum computers; and the design and synthesis of novel molecular systems that manifest desired quantum behavior, including new systems with potential deployment as quantum qubits or qudits.
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To address its charge, the committee held three public information-gathering meetings, where subject-matter experts across various fields -- such as quantum theory, quantum computing, experimental measurements, quantum biology, and chemical synthesis -- presented their perspectives on the research areas of QIS and chemistry. These experts were selected because their research involves either characterizing quantum systems or developing novel QIS applications.
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First, chemistry will provide new building blocks for QIS research by offering precise, reproducible, and possibly scalable chemical approaches toward creating qubits. Here, a qubit, or a quantum bit, is defined as a two-state quantum mechanical system capable of being placed in a state of coherent superposition (see Box 1-3 for a description of key quantum concepts curated for a broader audience)
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Therefore, understanding and manipulating the quantum property of coherence is a fundamental challenge facing scientists who want to implement chemi cal systems for enhanced quantum sensing and quantum computing devices.
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Superposition of states and quantum entanglement is manipulated in QIS applications such as quan tum sensors, communications, and computing because it has implications for at least doubling the resolu tion of images, exponentially speeding up computing time, and increasing storage space. In other words, QIS goes beyond classical physics, as shown in the following examples: • Quantum sensors -- doubling resolution at lower light intensities to image, for example, photosensi tive biological samples, which impacts early and precise detections.
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One of the chemical research areas that has evolved over the past decade is the development and use of new experimental tools to probe properties in organic and inorganic molecules with potential applications in QIS. The recommendations and research priorities in this area offer a way to improve the characterization of molecules useful for QIS research by seeking opportunities for less expensive advanced spectroscopy techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)
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FIGURE 1-3 Molecular spins for QIS research. State-of-the-art electron paramagnetic resonance measurements have been made on transition and lanthanide molecular systems.
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, barriers to the realization of QIS platforms still exist. Chapter 4 explores the advantages of exploiting bottom-up chemical synthesis for constructing quantum architectures, leveraging novel syntheses of molecular qubits that retain their desirable quantum properties in different host chemical environments, and designing hybrid quantum architectures (i.e., molecular systems engineering)
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By having a solid foundation of chemistry concepts in conjunction with quantum mechanics, this workforce will be capable of creating novel quantum molecular based materials and tools. 1.5 SUMMARY Finding sophisticated ways to manipulate and control quantum properties, such as coherence and decoherence, will advance the development of QIS technologies.
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2022b. "Quantum Information Science and Technology Workforce Development National Strategic Plan." www.quantum.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/ QIST-Natl-Workforce-Plan.pdf.
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