Transforming Research and Higher Education Institutions in the Next 75 Years Proceedings of the 2022 Endless Frontier Symposium (2023) / Chapter Skim
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2 TRANSFORMING RESEARCH AND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE NEXT 75 YEARS Videos of the symposium are available at https://www.nationalacademies.org/event/09-22-2022/endlessfrontier-symposium-2022-research-and-higher-education-institutions-for-the-next-75-years, as are an agenda for the meeting and the slides shown by presenters.
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"If funds on this scale are appropriated, it clearly will significantly expand the NSF focus well beyond the pursuit of fundamental science for its own sake," said Meserve. "The bill's passage reflects a newfound commitment to focus more federal support of science on meeting economic and national security needs." Second, the scientific enterprise has become much more aware of the need for greater diversity not only in the populations engaged in science but in the geographic distribution of research funding -- an aim also reflected in provisions of the CHIPS and Science Act.
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growth, Arnold observed. In addition, planting the seeds for the technologies of the future will require a diverse scientific enterprise made up of institutions that serve different constituencies and different purposes, Arnold said.
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In particular, the structure of institutions and the scientific enterprise needs to be reevaluated in the light of four fundamental principles:
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"Those are what I see as the key changes that we need to drive and our responsibilities as custodians and stewards of the system." THE GROWING ROLE OF PHILANTHROPY IN SCIENCE FUNDING Harvey Fineberg, president of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, elaborated on the third trend Meserve cited in his opening remarks: the growing role of philanthropy in supporting science. Since the mid-1960s, the federal government's share of funding for basic research expenditures at universities and research institutions has fallen from more than 75 percent of the total to less than 50 percent.
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The potential of philanthropy has not yet been fully realized as the continued accumulation of global wealth creates new possibilities. -- Harvey Fineberg CHANGES IN THE NATURE OF SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS The scientific enterprise in the United States has worked very well, said Elias Zerhouni, professor emeritus of radiology and biomedical engineering at Johns Hopkins University, "and you don't want to change things if they're working." Nevertheless, changes in the nature and structure of scientific research now call for corresponding changes in the scientific enterprise.
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In general, initial infusions of philanthropic funding can be vital in experimenting with new structures. "To herd cats, you need to bring fish, and directing resources toward that purpose will be very effective, because you can't change behaviors without resources." CHANGING INCENTIVES In response to a question about how to change the valuation of research and publications within disciplines, Leyser said, "we change the rewards, and that's completely in our power to do." People within the scientific enterprise tend to think that they have no power to change the reward system.
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1 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2020, The Endless Frontier: The Next 75 Years in Science, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, https://doi.org/10.17226/25990; V Bush, 1945, Science, the Endless Frontier, A Report to the President by Vannevar Bush, Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, July 1945, Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, https://www.nsf.gov/about/history/nsf50/vbush1945.jsp.
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