Behavioral Economics Policy Impact and Future Directions (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 99-106
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From page 99... ...
Studies have suggested that sustained behavior change is achievable through a variety of behavioral mechanisms, including classic habit formation, learning by doing, information acquisition, addressing status quo bias, discovery of new 1That is, no approach has achieved effects in large populations, in contrast with laboratory settings or other controlled experimental circumstances.
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From page 100... ...
.2 This body of work highlights that while the magnitude of incentives is important, behaviorally informed design often plays a big role in determining effectiveness. Another approach that has been studied is gamification, which has been used to encourage physical activity through the application of such behavioral principles as variable reinforcement, loss aversion, the endowment effect, social accountability, and anticipated regret, using contests, progress charts, scoring, and other game-like activities.
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From page 101... ...
PROMOTING PREVENTIVE CARE Behavioral economics findings have been applied in interventions to encourage people to engage in a wide variety of other preventive activities to promote health. We identified three examples with a substantial evidence base: colorectal cancer screening, HIV prevention and treatment, and vaccination.
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From page 102... ...
HIV Prevention and Treatment The global HIV epidemic has been transformed in the last decade by the availability of highly effective antiretroviral treatment and by the widespread dissemination and adoption of primary and secondary prevention approaches, including self-testing, medical male circumcision, and preexposure prophylaxis. Theories and principles from behavioral economics can help explain why those at highest risk for HIV might be reluctant to test, or why adherence to antiretroviral therapy may be challenging (Linnemayr, 2017; Linnemayr, Stecher, & Mukasa, 2017; George, Maughan-Brown, & Thirumurthy, 2021)
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From page 103... ...
. A review of behaviorally informed financial incentives to promote HIV testing found that incentives were effective, whether the incentives included a guaranteed monetary reward; a lottery; or nonmonetary rewards, such as a food voucher (Lee et al., 2014)
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From page 104... ...
found that the most promising behavioral evidence for increasing rates of vaccination (where it is not required) points to three strategies: making information about vaccines more salient (e.g., Milkman et al., 2011; Chen et al., 2020; Szilagyi et al., 2020)
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From page 105... ...
More generally, clinicians clearly respond to traditional economic incentives: they provide more services when they are paid per service than when they are paid through such arrangements as salary or full-risk capitation, which raises concerns about potential conflicts with their patients' best interests (Larkin & Loewenstein, 2017)
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From page 106... ...
. These effects were much larger than those observed in some other efforts to use social norms and social comparisons to motivate behavior change.
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