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Pages 20-36

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From page 20...
... 20 The literature review introduces flight diversions and discusses why diversions occur, how often diversions occur in the United States, and how diversion decisions are made. It reviews how smaller airports plan and train for diversions of varying complexity, how they manage and mitigate diversions, and how they restore operations after a diverted flight.
From page 21...
... Literature Review 21   this 10-year period, 141,097 ights were diverted, which equates to 0.23% of all ights in the United States. (Note the diversion ight decreases in 2020 and 2021 account for the reduced ight operations because of the COVID-19 global pandemic.)
From page 22...
... 22 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports How Diversion Decisions Are Made While outside the scope of this synthesis, a quick look at the decision-making process asso ciated with choosing a diversion airport reveals the complexity of this process and how it focuses on balancing safety and urgency (e.g., mitigating the incident or emergency) with manageability and practicality (e.g., fastest turnaround time and minimal disruption to passenger service)
From page 23...
... Literature Review 23   For mechanical and medical emergencies, proximity becomes the primary factor no matter what the airport may or may not be equipped to handle. For medical-related diversions, which are near-daily occurrences, these often necessitate immediate landing (Ryerson, M
From page 24...
... 24 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports How Small Airports Plan for Routine Technical Stop Diversions Technical stops (gas and go) are flights that divert to an airport to refuel or to make unexpected essential repairs.
From page 25...
... Literature Review 25   How Small Airports Plan for Diversions with Incidents According to 49 CFR § 830.2, an incident means an occurrence other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircra, which aects or could aect the safety of operations. Incident-related ights can no longer y to their destination airport, but the immediate safety of the aircra and people on board are not in danger.
From page 26...
... 26 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports extended delay contingency plans with both the scheduled airports they serve and their diversion airports. In addition, airport operators must develop and post emergency contingency plans with the DOT and upload updated plans every 5 years.
From page 27...
... Literature Review 27   Expanded Capability Needed Potential Stakeholders Involved Resource Examples Firefighting/ emergency response • ARFF* • Fire Department*
From page 28...
... 28 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports (certificated and non-certificated) use as guidance certain provisions in the National Fire Protection Agency Standards, including 424, 1500, 1561, and 1600.
From page 29...
... Literature Review 29   that airports train for emergency events annually with their internal and external stakeholders (primarily first responders) and conduct an exercise with a full-scale functional exercise (called a "recertification or triennial exercise")
From page 30...
... 30 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports enter, including service-level agreements, letters of agreement, MOUs, joint-use agreements, and interlocal agreements, among others. See Appendix C for a sample MOU.
From page 31...
... Literature Review 31   framework organizes emergency operations under a lead emergency management agency at an EOC off-site from an emergency. An ICS is often used in conjunction with NIMS.
From page 32...
... 32 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports Diversion-Related Technology Smaller airports use a variety of technology to track potential flight diversions as well as to communicate and manage the resources and personnel needed for mitigating them. Some of the technology that is available according to related ACRP research includes the following: • Tracking weather: A variety of public and privately funded weather-tracking websites are available online.
From page 33...
... Literature Review 33   • Facilities: Designate quiet areas (dim lights for sleeping) , pet relief areas, and lactation and nursing areas.
From page 34...
... 34 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports published Managing Spontaneous Volunteers in Times of Disaster: The Synergy of Structure and Good Intentions (FEMA n.d.)
From page 35...
... Literature Review 35   • Critical incident stress debriefing requirements, if necessary, • Equipment utilization documentation, • Overall cleanup activities, and • Air operations area inspections, if appropriate (FAA 2009)
From page 36...
... 36 Managing a Flight Diversion with an Emergency Response at Small, Non-Hub, or General Aviation Airports to keep contact information for airport staff updated and current with various mutual aid and network partners. • Airlines: ACRP Report 153 recommends that diversion airports implement working agreements with each domestic and foreign carrier that identifies an airport as a diversion airport (Cogliandro, B., et al.

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