Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis (2023) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 33-74
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A-1 Glossary of Terms Contents A-2 Summary A-2 Glossary of Terms and Page Number A-38 Bibliography A P P E N D I X A
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A-2 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Summary The primary objectives of NCHRP Project 23-09, "Scoping Study to Develop the Basis for a Highway Standard to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis," are to (1) develop a comprehensive and consistent set of risk and resilience terminology, and (2)
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Glossary of Terms A-3 Decision Tree .
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A-4 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Risk .
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Glossary of Terms A-5 • "Adjustment in natural or human systems in anticipation of or response to a changing environment in a way that effectively uses beneficial opportunities or reduces negative effects" (Weilant et al.
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A-6 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis (Technical Committee on Risk Assessment and Management Glossary of Risk Assessment Terms 2004)
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Glossary of Terms A-7 • "A strategic and systematic process of operating, maintaining, and improving physical assets, with a focus on both engineering and economic analysis based upon quality information, to identify a structured sequence of maintenance, preservation, repair, rehabilitation, and replacement actions that will achieve and sustain the desired state of good repair over the life cycle of the assets at minimum practicable cost" (FHWA n.d.)
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A-8 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Bridge Management System (BMS) • "A systematic process that provides, analyzes, and summarizes bridge information for use in selecting and implementing cost-effective bridge construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance programs" (FHWA 2017a)
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Glossary of Terms A-9 Changes in climate may manifest as a rise in sea level, as well as increase the frequency and magnitude of extreme weather events" (FHWA 2014)
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A-10 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis in monetary units. Consequences involving loss of life, injury, loss of lifelines, and environmental damage may be measured in any combination of two of the following: (1)
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Glossary of Terms A-11 Continuity of Operations (COOP) • COOP, as defined in the National Continuity Policy Implementation Plan (NCPIP)
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A-12 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis • "An asset whose absence or unavailability would significantly degrade the ability of an organization to carry out its mission. The criticality of an asset can vary depending on the decisions to be made and perspective of the analyst" (ASME 2009)
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Glossary of Terms A-13 Delay • "Use of security countermeasures to slow the actions of an adversary to the point that a successful attack takes long enough to be interdicted or longer than expected or desired by the adversary" (AWWA 2014)
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A-14 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis may view it as crisis management, which includes traditional law enforcement functions, such as intelligence, surveillance, tactical operations, negotiations, forensics, and investigations" (ASME 2009)
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Glossary of Terms A-15 of all hazards. The goal of emergency management is to save lives, prevent injuries, and protect property and the environment if an emergency occurs" (FEMA 1995)
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A-16 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Extreme Events • "Extreme events are not only [rare and] severe, but also outside the normal range of experience of the system in question" (Bier et al.
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Glossary of Terms A-17 Feasibility • "How practical it is for a particular strategy to be implemented by a department, accounting for engineering, policy, legal, and insurance considerations" (New York State Energy Research and Development Authority 2020)
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A-18 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis • "A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity, which may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation" (UNISDR 2002)
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Glossary of Terms A-19 Incident • "An occurrence or event, natural or human-caused, that requires an emergency response to protect life or property. Incidents can, for example, include major disasters, emergencies, terrorist attacks, terrorist threats, wildland, and urban fires, floods, hazardous materials spills, nuclear accidents, aircraft accidents, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, tropical storms, war-related disasters, public health and medical emergencies, and other occurrences requiring an emergency response" (DHS 2006)
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A-20 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis (and other similar magnitude scales) , but its effects in specific locations are described by the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI)
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Glossary of Terms A-21 Life-Cycle Planning and Management • "A process to estimate the cost of managing an asset class, or asset sub-group over its whole life with consideration for minimizing cost while preserving or improving asset condition" (AASHTO 2013)
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A-22 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis represents the incident rate, which is related to the ‘security' attribute of a system in function of time. The composing measures are 3 incidents and 1 day" (ENISA 2011)
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Glossary of Terms A-23 sufficient detail for asset management purposes. As a means of tracking agency performance for public consumption, a single network average trip time on a particular class of road is usually sufficient.
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A-24 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Performance Indicators ("Key Performance Indicators") • "Key Performance Indicators are a set of quantifiable measures that an organization uses to gauge its performance and determine if it is meeting its strategic and operational goals." (Pierce Transit 2021)
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Glossary of Terms A-25 recover from climate change related damages to life, health, property, livelihoods, ecosystems, and national security" (FHWA 2014)
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A-26 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis type of intrusion given 10 attempts or range of probability that a consequence-mitigation action is successful given a demand)
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Glossary of Terms A-27 mathematics to calculate decision-relevant terms (e.g., risk, risk reduction, resilience, and benefit-cost ratio)
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A-28 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Redundancy • "Redundancies to the asset or system can improve resilience by being able to reroute production or process flows through one or more parallel components or subsystems" (AASHTO 2017)
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Glossary of Terms A-29 • "The capability to maintain function during an event or to recover function rapidly after an event, including the provision of a substitute function or asset provided after an attack or natural event. The concept of resilience is still being formalized, but candidate indicators include reductions in the duration and severity of service denial and/or economic losses to the community due to service denial" (ASME 2009)
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A-30 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Restorative Capacity • "The ability of the system to recover quickly after a shock or stress to normal functioning" (Weilant et al.
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Glossary of Terms A-31 Risk Allocation • "Placing responsibility for a risk to a party through a contract. The fundamental tenets of risk allocation include allocating risks to the party best able to manage them, allocating risks in alignment with project goals, and allocating risks to promote team alignment with customeroriented performance goals" (Ashley et al.
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A-32 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis affected parties. Risk characterization is a prelude to decision-making and depends on an interactive, analytical-deliberate process" (National Research Council 1989)
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Glossary of Terms A-33 defining security countermeasures, consequence-mitigation features or characteristics of the asset) to achieve an acceptable level of risk and resilience at an acceptable cost.
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A-34 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Scenario Planning • "Scenario planning provides a framework for developing a shared vision for the future by analyzing various forces (e.g., climate change, land use, economy) that affect growth and management of the transportation system.
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Glossary of Terms A-35 • "The capacity to endure. The goal of sustainability can be described with the triple bottom line, which includes considering three primary principles: social, environmental, and economic" (Flannery et al.
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A-36 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis • "Normalized assessments of attractiveness in light of the high-level objectives of terrorists and intelligence-based assessments of adversary capabilities and intent" (Flannery et al.
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Glossary of Terms A-37 Twice Damaged Assets ("Repeatedly damaged facilities") • "Repeatedly damaged facilities are roads, highways, and bridges that have required repair and reconstruction activities on two or more occasions due to natural disasters or catastrophic failures resulting in emergencies declared by the Governor of the State or the President" (23 CFR 667.1)
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A-38 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Such weaknesses can occur in building characteristics, equipment properties, personnel behavior, locations of people, equipment, and buildings, or operational and personnel practices. Vulnerability is expressed as the likelihood of an event having the estimated consequences, given that the event occurs" (AWWA 2014)
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Glossary of Terms A-39 AASHTO.
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A-40 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis ENISA.
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Glossary of Terms A-41 Murphy, C (2020, December 27)
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A-42 Developing a Highway Framework to Conduct an All-Hazards Risk and Resilience Analysis Wainschel, M
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Key Terms
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