2022 Assessment of the DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory (2024) / Chapter Skim
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ARO, which has been operational since 1951, is composed of more than 100 engineers, scientists, and support staff who manage ARL's extramural research program. ARO drives cutting-edge and disruptive scientific discoveries with an eye toward enabling crucial future Army technologies and capabilities through high-risk, high-reward research opportunities.2 ARD is a largely intramural research directorate that focuses on exploiting concept development, discovery, technology development, and transition of the most promising disruptive science and technology (S&T)
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ARL subdivides this competency into six core competency areas that include bidirectional human–system communication, estimating and predicting humans in complex systems, human-guided system adaptation, human–system team interactions, hybrid human–technology intelligence, and neuroscience and neurotechnologies. Bidirectional Human–System Communication Intramural and extramural research presented in the bidirectional human–system communication core competency focuses on enhancing real time multimodal communications between soldiers and systems.
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The research focuses on using open-source data sets to extract information about human behavior in complex environments and on building predictive models for human performance in novel situations. It is shifting to focus more on prediction with limited data sets in real-world scenarios and the development of technology that can enable closed-loop bidirectional control of human states (that includes males and females with varying levels of experience in task-learning to ensure statistical rigor across gender)
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This has been accomplished by developing meaningful metrics for qualities such as team cohesion, trust, warmth, and force-multiplication factors, which have helped to develop technology and techniques that facilitate faster and better decisions in complex operational environments. The expertise with this core competency is very good, and ARL has equipped itself exceptionally well to be able to explore team performance and team effectiveness.
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Its four core competencies include armor mechanisms and countermeasure; mechanisms for human injury and protection; mechanisms for lethal target interactions; and terminal effects mechanics, modeling, and simulation.
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Lethal Target Interactions Research in the mechanisms for lethal target interactions core competency focuses on understanding and advancing weapon–target interactions to maximize munition lethality across all calibers and platforms. The research methodology relies heavily on experimentation and is of a quality comparable to research at other top academic and research institutions.
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It also examines launch, flight, control, and navigation of guided weapons and aerial systems and addresses the development of novel weapon concepts.8 Its core competencies include aerodynamics and control; discovery, synthesis, and formulation of energetic materials; guidance and navigation of weapon systems; gun and rocket propulsion; and modeling, simulation, and experimental characterization of energetics. Aerodynamics and Control Research activities in the aerodynamics and control core competency span a broad range of flight regimes, from low-speed unmanned aircraft systems (UASs)
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Overall, the facilities supporting the aerodynamics and control core competency were impressive. The flight facilities available for the study of high-speed flight are outstanding and provide unique capabilities for short-range flight testing.
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While some elements of work may be considered foundational, the focus is largely on applied research seeking to incorporate new theoretical advances and technologies to enhance Army capabilities for precise weapons delivery in challenging environments. Many of the projects seek to address the complex challenges of midcourse navigation and terminal guidance following a high-g weapon launch.
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Opportunities include improving connections with the discovery, synthesis, and formulation of energetic materials core competency, which may assist in further development of printable formulations with improved properties and with the development of new materials specifically for AM applications and deepening connections with the modeling, simulation, and experimental characterization of energetics core competency, which may assist with more efficient development (and initial prediction) of novel grain geometries for improved capability.
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