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From page 309... ...
C-1 Appendix C Bee and Bee Group Recognition C.1 Recognizing Bees Distinguishing floral visitors such as butterflies, beetles, and moths from bees is fairly straightforward, but separating bees from wasps or flies can be more difficult (Figure C-1 and Table C-1)
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Appendix C. Bee and Bee Group Recognition C-2 Table C-1. Key characteristics of bees, and the flies and wasps that can be mistaken for them.
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Appendix C. Bee and Bee Group Recognition C-3 C.2 Recognizing Bee Groups Bees are difficult to identify to species or family without having pinned specimens. But bee richness at a site can be measured by identifying bees to groups based on their morphology (also known as morphogroups)
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Appendix C. Bee and Bee Group Recognition C-4 C.2.2 Chap Leg Bees Key Characteristics (Figure C-3) : Size and shape: Medium to large, robust Color and hair: Dark with white, yellow, or brown hairs; often hairy -- especially on thorax -- with short, dense, velvety hair Stripes: Often with bands of pale hair on abdomen Scopa: Carries dry pollen on noticeably longer, dense hairs on lower hind legs, but pollen is often on the whole body Notes: Antennae are typically longer than most other bees, especially on males.
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From page 313... ...
Appendix C. Bee and Bee Group Recognition C-5 C.2.4 Green Sweat Bees Key Characteristics (Figure C-5) : Size and shape: Medium sized, narrow bodied Color and hair: Bright metallic green; abdomen can be green like the thorax, or dark with stripes; body covered in pale hairs that are less noticeable Stripes: Some have yellow-and-black striped abdomens Scopa: Carries dry pollen on hairs on hind legs, less noticeable than other bees unless covered in dry pollen Notes: Relatively fast flying and numerous.
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Appendix C. Bee and Bee Group Recognition C-6 C.2.6 Tiny Dark Bees Key Characteristics (Figure C-7) : Size and shape: Tiny and narrow bodied Color and hair: Can be dull black/brown, pale golden, metallic black/brown or blue/green; sometimes with white or yellow markings on face; body sparsely covered in pale hairs that are less noticeable, but some with dense patches of hair on abdomen Stripes: Faint stripes on abdomen, if any Scopa: Small carpenter bees (Ceratina)
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Appendix C. Bee and Bee Group Recognition C-7 C.2.8 Metallic Hairy Belly Bees Key Characteristics (Figure C-9) : Size and shape: Small to medium, stout, robust bodies Color and hair: Metallic green, blue, or bluish black; brushes of hair beneath abdomen -- no prominent hair bands Stripes: None Scopa: Females carry dry pollen loads on underside of abdomen Notes: Among the first bees seen during the pollinating season.
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