Use of Meta-Analyses in Nutrition Research and Policy Proceedings of a Workshop Series (2024) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 1-6
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Tucker of the University of Massachusetts Lowell and 1 The planning committee's role was limited to planning the workshop, and the Proceedings of a Workshop was prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop. Statements, recommendations, and opinions expressed are those of individual presenters and participants, and are not necessarily endorsed or verified by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, and they should not be construed as reflecting any group consensus.
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Specific topic areas to be considered include: • Criteria used to determine clinical or methodological differences among individual nutrition studies; • Extraction errors and errors in calculating mean differences and con fidence intervals from the primary studies that are included in a meta analysis; • Benchmark practices for planning appropriate subgroup and sensitivity analyses and addressing publication bias; • Use of meta-analyses to evaluate the strength of the totality of evidence; • Interpretation and integration of meta-analyses and direction of effect of individual studies into the overall body of evidence; • Evaluation of the strength of the evidence when different outcomes are reported in different studies; • Consideration of statistical heterogeneity and risk of bias when evaluat ing diet and disease relationships; and • Communication of meta-analyses relevant to nutrition policy decision makers. The planning committee will select and invite speakers and discussants as well as moderate the discussions.
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The questions for the third workshop are: • How to consider statistical heterogeneity when evaluating diet and disease relationships? Are higher levels of unexplained statistical heterogeneity acceptable for the field of nutrition?
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Tucker, background information on the topic and the goals for the workshop, presentations from invited speakers Crystal Rivers and Sarah Gebauer from FDA, Celeste Naude of Stellenbosch University, and Lee Hooper of the University of East Anglia, and a panel discussion featuring Hooper, Naude, and additional discussants. Naude guided participants through the planning of SRs and MAs and addressed topics such as how SRs and MAs can be used to evaluate the strength of the evidence when different outcomes are reported in different studies.
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In the closing remarks of the workshop series, Tucker noted that the complexities of nutrition research may require distinctive considerations and suggested that the best practices described throughout the series could inform future nutrition research and policy development. She stated that the field of nutrition research is not only uniquely complex but also uniquely situated to have a real-life impact on large populations through evidencebased policy development.
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Rivers explained that it was the hope of FDA that this workshop series would help inform a set of best practices for the use of MAs in nutrition policy development moving forward. Gebauer emphasized the unique needs of FDA when it comes to their nutrition regulatory framework and how evidence is used to substantiate health claims by showing a direct relationship between a food product and a health outcome or disease risk.
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