Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work (2025) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 15-28
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From page 15... ...
In light of this rapid evolution, the mandate for this follow-on report is clear: to assess the "current and future impact of artificial intelligence on the workforce of the United States across sectors."2 This undertaking is not just an update but a reconceptualization, accounting for the leaps in technology and the consequent ripples throughout the labor market and wider economy. The charge to the study committee was to focus specifically on the economic, productivity, and workforce dimensions of AI.
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Although it is easy to overestimate the impact of new technologies in 16 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND THE FUTURE OF WORK
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From page 17... ...
The goal of this report is thus twofold: to responsibly inform about the current state and capabilities of AI as they relate to the workforce and to offer insights that prepare us for the challenges ahead and opportunities that will arise. It also considers how AI is likely to augment human labor, reshape job markets, and influence workforce dynamics.
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From page 18... ...
Productivity growth, the increase in the amount of output per unit input, is the key to higher living standards. It is mainly a function of improved technologies, especially general-purpose technologies, that affect many sections of the economy, improve rapidly, and catalyze complementary innovations.
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From page 19... ...
Evidence suggests that it took at least five decades for working-class wages to begin rising again after the advent of the Industrial Revolution.5 • AI can affect a work task either by automating it to replace a worker or by assist ing the worker in performing the task. Which of these occurs is at least partly a design choice, not a preordained outcome.
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From page 21... ...
AI is the part of computer science that focuses on producing computer capabilities similar to those usually associated with human intelligence, such as computer vision, speech recognition, natural language understanding, commonsense reasoning, and robots capable of autonomous operation in the physical world. The term "artificial intelligence" was first used 1955, and research in AI has produced steady progress for decades.
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From page 22... ...
This advance was due in large part to new innovations in neural networks (e.g., the adoption of a family of neural networks known as "transformers") , and a shift from training AI systems using human-labeled data to instead using unlabeled text, often from the web, allowing vastly larger sets of training data.2 As a result, the development of AI technology, and its impact on the economy and the workforce, is approaching an inflection point.
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Artificial Intelligence 23
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From page 25... ...
TECHNICAL PROGRESS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE This section provides a summary of recent advances in AI across multiple areas. Parts of this section are based on the 2023 paper by Bubeck and colleagues, titled "Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early Experiments with GPT-4."7 Large Language Models The greatest advances in AI over the past decade have come from advances in neural net works, and the greatest advances in neural networks over the past few years have come from LLMs, such as OpenAI's GPT-4, Google's PaLM, and Meta's LLaMA.
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From page 27... ...
Artificial Intelligence 27
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