Science and Technology Policy, Research Management and Planning in the Arab Republic of Egypt (1976) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 43-63
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From page 43... ...
- 37 - its own Office of Technology Assessment to help it evaluate technologies over which it can exercise legislative control. There are many other activities and approaches I could describe that influence and constitute science policy and the management of research and development in the United States, but perhaps I have already given you enough examples to indicate the motivation and direction of our policies and programs.
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- 38 - an activity in which international cooperation has long been a tradition and a blessing to humanity. The need has grown tremendously to share scientific knowledge and use that knowledge constructively to help each nation develop its own potential within the context of a healthy global community.
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-~ 39 - Universities and Scientific Research Hassan M Ismaiel President, Cairo University Symposium on Science Policy Planning Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt 30 April - 1 May 1975 I am pleased to be with you today and to have the opportunity to address this fine group.
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- 40 - Education has become a mechanism for national survival and socio- economic development. The university contributes to the welfare of society through the processes of training and retraining of manpower.
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- 4] - Faculty members increased from 2500 in 1964-65 to 3820 in 1973 -- an increase of about 150 faculty members annually.
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- 42 - Chicago described the large university) like the dinosaur, which became extinct because he grew larger and larger and then sacrificed the evolutionary flexibility he needed to meet changing conditions; its body became too large for its brain.
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-~ 43 - closely with other research organizations recently organized under the umbrella of the Academy of Scientific Research and Technology. It also works with industrial firms.
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- 46 - Academy of Science unable to respond to a call for advice, so it created a new body, the National Research Council, to be the "working arm" of the National Academy in its advisory capacity. The National Research Council began the practice of including other experts, in addition to academicians, On special advisory panels and committees.
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- 47 - Dr. Philip Handler who became President of our Academy in 1969.
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-~ 48 - The lower and intermediate schools, the first 12 years of education, are administered by local authority -- cities or local school districts, which may include several small cities. Higher education is provided in two kinds of institutions -- colleges and universities.
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~ 49 - with winning the war. This was not just because development and explosion of atomic bombs terminated the war, but also because of a host of tech- nical developments such as sonar, radar, and automatic devices to control artillery fire and the delivery of bombs from aircraft.
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- 50 - programs of research grants to university researchers and postgraduate research fellowships. Beginning in 1967 there was a rather abrupt change in the mood of the American people.
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~ 5] - Our biggest problems are probably psychological.
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~ 52. that in the world of science we have overdone this approach to the point of becoming wasteful and trivial in much of our work.
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- 53 - science, and technology that is different in some ways from that found in the United States and the other developed countries. Furthermore, I believe that the developed, or overdeveloped, world has expended so much of its resources in a terribly homogeneous science and science education, that we must now look in part to the developing countries to provide that which we failed to produce during our own too rapid growth.
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-~ 54 - Science and Technology Organization and Planning in the Arab Republic of Egypt Roy L Lovvorn, Administrator Cooperative State Research Service U
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-~ 55 - occupied their concerns even before the turn of the century. Early work included livestock management, nutrition, and later, breeding.
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- 56 - Support of research within a state comes from approximately 50 percent state funds, 25 percent federal, and 25 percent grants, gifts, and receipts. The real impact from research within a state must be credited to the Cooperative Extension Service.
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- 57 - Regional and National Planning My discussion to this point has been mostly a description of the two research systems, state and federal. From their inception in 1862, efforts have been directed toward effective coordination between the two.
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- 58 - of the University of Minnesota, returns on this investment have been 45 to 50 percent annually. We believe our relatively cheap food is another justification for the expenditure of these funds.
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- 59 - In addition: 1. Teaching, research and extension must be fully coordinated because each is dependent upon the other.
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