Carbon Utilization Infrastructure, Markets, and Research and Development A Final Report (2024) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix I: Additional Information on Markets for CO2 Utilization
Appendix I: Additional Information on Markets for CO2 Utilization
Pages 473-477
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Although the data are from 2007, they describe a baseline of fossil chemical production, which in the future will need to evolve into an industry producing a related-but-not-identical suite of products, with sustainable carbon feedstocks, and likely at larger volume overall, with projected increases in demand for chemicals production. Table I-2 contains information on availability, conversion technologies, applications and markets, and barriers to adoption for alternative carbon feedstocks that represent competitors to CO2 feedstocks.
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30,200 Hydrodealkylation of toluene from pyrolysis-gasoline, 5% Polyethylene terephthalate 29,000 Esterification of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol, 100% Methanol 27,900 Steam reforming of natural gas, 88% Partial oxidation of residues, 9% Partial oxidation of coal, 3% Polypropylene 27,833 Addition polymerization of propylene, 100% Vinylchloride 26,746 Integrated chlorination and oxychlorination of ethylene, 100% Polyvinylchloride 25,398 Addition polymerization of vinylchloride, 100% Methyl tert-butyl ether 20,867 Reaction of isobutene and methanol, 100% Ethylbenzene 20,351 Alkylation of benzene, 100% Styrene 20,067 Dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene, 85% Terephthalic acid 17,000 Oxidation of p-xylene, 100% p-xylene from reformate (aromatics) 16,000 p-xylene from C8 aromatics cut, 100% Ethylene oxide 13,410 Oxidation of ethylene, 100% Polystyrene 13,244 Addition polymerization of styrene, 100% Ethylene glycol 12,200 Hydration of ethylene oxide, 100% Cumene 9631 Alkylation of propylene with benzene, 100% Butadiene 7868 From steam cracking hydrocarbons, 100% Polyurethane 7720 Reaction of toluene diisocyanate with polyols, 50% Reaction of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate with polyols, 50% Acetic acid 7310 Carbonylation of methanol, 80% Oxidation of acetaldehyde, 20% Formaldehyde 6450 Oxydehydration of methanol, 100% Phenol 5586 Oxidation of cumene, 96% Oxidation of toluene, 4% Cyclohexane 5100 Hydrogenation of benzene, 100% Propylene oxide 4877 Indirect oxidation via chlorohydrin, 51% Indirect oxidation via tert-butyl hydroperoxide, 30% Indirect oxidation via ethylbenzene hydroperoxide, 19%
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APPENDIX I 475 TABLE I-1 Continued Product Volume, Chemical Global (ktonne/year) Fossil Production Method Share, Global, 2007 Polyetherpolyols 4816 Polyaddition of epoxies to an initiator, 100% Acrylonitrile 4704 Ammoxidation of propylene, 100% Caprolactam 4160 From cyclohexane, 54% From phenol, 46% Acetone 3900 Dehydrogenation of isopropanol, 10% Phthalic anhydride 3200 Oxidation of o-xylene, 85% Oxidation of naphthalene, 15% Dimethyl terephthalate 3096 Oxidation of p-xylene, esterification with methanol, 100% Aniline 3010 Hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, 100% Dioctylphthalate 2880 Esterification of phthalic anhydride with 2-ethylhexanol, 100% Acetaldehyde 2566 Oxidation of ethylene, 100% Nitrobenzene 2468 Nitration of benzene, 100% 2-ethylhexanol 2408 Hydroformylation of propylene, 100% Bisphenol-A 2300 Condensation of phenol with acetone, 100% Polyamide 66 2237 Polycondensation of adipic acid with hexamethylenediamine, 100% Polyamide 6 2237 Polymerization of caprolactam, 100% Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate 2159 Condensation of aniline with formaldehyde, phosgenation to methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, 100% Urea formaldehyde resin 2129 Condensation of urea with formaldehyde, 100% Adipic acid 2100 Oxidation of cyclohexane, 100% Isopropanol 1806 Hydration of propene, 100% Polycarbonate 1500 Polycondensation of bisphenol-A with phosgene, 100% Hexamethylenediamine 1346 Ammonia with adipic acid, 52% Hydrogen cyanide with butadiene, 25% Hydrogenation of acrylonitrile, 23% Toluene diisocyanate 1213 Nitration of toluene, phosgenation to TDI, 100% n-butanol 1019 Hydroformylation of propylene, hydrogenation of buteraldehyde, 100% a Ammonia and chlorine are not carbon-based chemicals but are included in this table as they are major parts of the chemical industry.
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g Pyrolysis Construction materials • Separation of coal from mineral Electrochemical Energy storage materials matter Gasification Carbon fiber • Lack of property information to Liquefaction Carbon foam demonstrate code compliance Melt spinning Three-dimensional (3D) • Lack of occupational and Extraction printing materials environmental safety studies Cement • Impurities Concrete • Complex homogeneous chemistry Critical minerals • Limited life cycle assessment studies Recycled plastics 360 Mt C/yr Pyrolysis Biodiesel and gasoline • Feedstock purity, reliable (2020–2022)
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2007. "Approximation of Theoretical Energy-Saving Potentials for the Petrochemical Industry Using Energy Balances for 68 Key Processes." Energy 32(7)
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