Carbon Utilization Infrastructure, Markets, and Research and Development A Final Report (2024) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix K: Elemental Carbon Products Literature Review
Appendix K: Elemental Carbon Products Literature Review
Pages 482-503
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Table K-1 not only lists the major technology and the major reaction conditions used for CTEC but also the structure characteristics of CTEC products. The table shading helps to cluster rows by method; blue represents thermochemical, yellow represents electrochemical, orange represents photochemical, and green represents plasmachemical processes.
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carbon Reaction system: batch Reaction temperature: 520°C Cation-excess 13 1994 Ni(II)
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carbon Reaction system: batch Reaction temperature: 300°C Cation-excess 22 1997 1 g Nanophase Zn ferrites Unknown-structure Komarneni et al. Reaction system: batch carbon (1997)
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(2009a) Reaction system: semi-batch carbon Reaction temperature: 310°C Cation-excess 44 2011 1.5–2 g nickel ferrite nanoparticles Unknown-structure Lin et al.
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metals Reaction temperature: 700°C Reaction pressure: 100 MPa Reaction time: 10 h Reacting with 62 2011 3 g of Mg ribbon ignited inside a dry Graphene Chakrabarti et al. metals ice vessel, covered by another dry (2011)
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(2015) metals Reaction system: semi-batch Reaction temperature: 800°C Reacting with 69 2016 React with liquid Na Graphene Wei et al.
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(2006) NaBH4 Reaction system: batch Reaction temperature: 700°C Reaction time: 8 h Reacting with 93 2020 Catalyst: NiCl2; reducing agent: CNTs Kim et al.
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(2015b) Li2CO3/BaCO3 or Na2CO3/BaCO3 carbon Cathode: a Muntz brass Anode: iridium foil Reaction temperature: 750°C Electrolysis current density (A/cm2)
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(2016) Anode: nickel Electrolyte: molten carbonate Reaction temperature: 725°C Reaction time: 1 h Electrolysis current density: 0.1 A/cm2 114 2016 Cathode: a Fe spiral CNTs Wu et al.
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(2018) Anode: Al2O3-coated Ni wire Reaction pressure: 1 atm Reaction temperature: 750°C Reaction time: 1 h Electrolysis current density: 0.1 A/cm2 continued
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, and Li/Ba (40 g Li2CO3-4 g BaCO3) Electrolysis current densities: 200 mA/cm2 Reaction temperature: 500–850°C 133 2019 Cathode: galvanized steel Carbon nano-onion Liu et al.
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(2020b) sheet Anode: 0.04-inch-thick Nichrome sheet Electrolyte: molten lithium carbonate Electrolysis current densities: 200 mA/cm2 Reaction temperature: 770°C 142 2020 Electrolyte: Na2CO3/Li2CO3 CNMs Wang et al.
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on Inconel 718 Reaction temperature: 770°C Electrolysis current density: 0.15 mA/cm2 146 2022 Electrolyte: Li2CO3 Mixture of CNMs Liu et al.
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thermochemical Anode: nickel Electrolyte: mixed 13C lithium carbonate, 13C carbon dioxide, lithium carbonate and lithium oxide Reaction temperature: 750°C 156 2017 Electrolyte: lithium carbonate CNFs Licht (2017b) Reaction temperature: 727°C Electrolysis current density (A/cm2)
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1993a. "Carbon Dioxide Decomposition into Carbon with the Rhodium-Bearing Magnetite Activated by H2-Reduction." Journal of Materials Science 28(4)
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2017a. "Iron Catalyzed Growth of Crystalline Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Ambient Carbon Dioxide Mediated by Molten Carbonates." Carbon 116(May)
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2023. "Liquid Metal-Based Catalysts for the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide into Solid Carbon." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 11(27)
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2018. "A Novel Route to Synthesize Carbon Spheres and Carbon Nanotubes from Carbon Dioxide in a Molten Carbonate Electrolyzer." Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 5(1)
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2020. "Oxygen Evolution Activity Limits the Nucle ation and Catalytic Growth of Carbon Nanotubes from Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis via Molten Carbonates." Carbon 165:90–99.
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2007. "Carbon Materials Syntheses Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Microplasma in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Environments." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 41(3)
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2016. "One-Pot Synthesis of Nanostructured Carbon Materials from Carbon Dioxide via Electrolysis in Molten Carbonate Salts." Carbon 106(September)
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2007a. "Carbon Dioxide Reduction into Carbon by Mechanically Milled Wustite." Journal of Materials Science 42(13)
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