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From page 129... ... RADIOACTIVITY TABLE 1 -- continued OLDER COMMON GENERIC TYPE OF ELEMENT SYMBOL NAME SYMBOL RADIATION HALF-LIFE ACTINIUM SERIES Uranium 235U Actinouranium AcU a, y 7.07 X 108 yr Thorium 231Th Uranium Y UY BY 25.6 hr Protactinium 23! Pa Protactinium Pa a, 7 3.4 X 10 yr Actinium 227Ac Actinium Ac a, B 21.6 yr Thorium 27Th Radioactinium RdAc_ a,8 18.1 days Francium 223Fr Actinium K Fr B 21 mo Radium 23Ra =s- Actinium X AcX a,y 11.7 days Radon 29Rn ~=Actinon An a, y 3.92 sec Polonium 215Po Actinium A AcA a 1.83 * Read the entire page →
From page 131... ... RADIOACTIVITY 121 was about 30 pCi per gram of hydrogen. Nuclear weapons tests have added both ! Read the entire page →
From page 133... ... RADIOACTIVITY 123 been reported to range from 0.1 to 6 pCi/kg, which is in general agreement with the data of Table 5 for the United States. No evidence has been found for the presence in foodstuffs of 22Th, the long-lived parent of the thorium chain; nevertheless, 228Th, a daughter in the series, has been found. Read the entire page →
From page 136... ... BENJAMIN J WILSON Fungal Toxins It is probable that toxic diseases suspected of having mold origins have been known for many centuries. Read the entire page →
From page 137... ... FUNGAL TOXINS \| 127 Perhaps the most decisive factor determining whether normally dry foods will become contaminated with fungus growth, and thus be potentially toxigenic, is the amount of available moisture. Moisture content above 10 percent, especially in the range of 13 to 18 percent, predisposes susceptible foods to attack by potentially toxigenic orga- nisms.! Read the entire page →
From page 138... ... 128 BENJAMIN J WILSON have occurred in North America, and in Great Britain, Ireland, and other European countries.2? Read the entire page →
From page 139... ... FUNGAL TOXINS 129 bread per day, the dose of drug would be 0.50 to 0.75 g, well within the usual therapeutic range. However, variations in individual tolerances and amounts of bread consumed daily, coupled with prolonged intake over a period of time, would tend to make even the above limit of doubtful value. Read the entire page →
From page 140... ... 130 BENJAMIN J WILSON Table 1 lists some of the numerous outbreaks of disease in animals attributed to strains of aspergilli in the United States and Great Britain. Read the entire page →
From page 141... ... FUNGAL TOXINS 131 Day-old ducklings are the most sensitive animals for toxicity mea- surements. Guinea pigs and laboratory rats are also susceptible, but mice and sheep are resistant to the toxin.55 The respective oral LDso values for ducklings of 50-g body weight according to Carnaghan et al5' are: Bi, 18.2 mcg (5 percent fiduciary limits 14.0-23.8 mcg) Read the entire page →
From page 142... ... 132 BENJAMIN J WILSON a tremorgenic substance was described as a metabolite of A Read the entire page →
From page 143... ... FUNGAL TOXINS 133 Table 2, based on data from Japanese reports, lists some of the penicillia isolated from moldy foods and certain toxic substances produced by each. TABLE 2 Toxigenic Penicillium Isolates From Japanese Food Materials. Read the entire page →
From page 144... ... 134 BENJAMIN J WILSON Fusarium Species Different species of the genus Fusarium have been studied in connection with unusual human diseases noted principally in parts of the Soviet Union.7:100 One of these is alimentary toxic aleukia (ATA) Read the entire page →
From page 145... ... FUNGAL TOXINS 135 and school ages. The condition is characterized by a shortening of the long bones, deformity of the joints, flexor contractures, and muscular atrophy. Read the entire page →
From page 146... ... 136 BENJAMIN J WILSON Union where a considerable amount of research data has been pub- lished.6.8:105 Qutbreaks have also been reported in Hungary and Czechoslovakia. Read the entire page →
From page 147... ... FUNGAL TOXINS 137 on cooked vegetable substrates! Read the entire page →

From page 129...

... RADIOACTIVITY TABLE 1 -- continued OLDER COMMON GENERIC TYPE OF ELEMENT SYMBOL NAME SYMBOL RADIATION HALF-LIFE ACTINIUM SERIES Uranium 235U Actinouranium AcU a, y 7.07 X 108 yr Thorium 231Th Uranium Y UY BY 25.6 hr Protactinium 23! Pa Protactinium Pa a, 7 3.4 X 10 yr Actinium 227Ac Actinium Ac a, B 21.6 yr Thorium 27Th Radioactinium RdAc_ a,8 18.1 days Francium 223Fr Actinium K Fr B 21 mo Radium 23Ra =s- Actinium X AcX a,y 11.7 days Radon 29Rn ~=Actinon An a, y 3.92 sec Polonium 215Po Actinium A AcA a 1.83 *