Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods. (1966) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 22-42
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From page 23... ...
GOITROGENS 13 calcium, cobalt, copper, ergothioneine, noniodine halides, polysulfides, sulfhydryl compounds, and the unidentified goitrogens of soybeans, peanut skins, and liver; the presence of large amounts of indigestible or unabsorbable materials; and the lack in the diet of vitamin A, vitamin D, or readily absorbable magnesium salts. More important dietary factors probably are the cyanoglycosides, the thiocyanates, and the derivatives of 2-thiooxazolidone.
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From page 28... ...
MARTIN STOB Estrogens in Foods Association of changes in the vaginal epithelium with the various stages of the estrous cycle32 led to the development of an assay for estrogens based on cornification of the vaginal mucosa.2° This simple method for detecting female sex hormones led to the accumulation of a vast literature reporting the occurrence of estrogenic activity in a wide variety of substances. An even more widespread distribution of estro- gens was reported following development of a more sensitive means of detection based on uterine hypertrophy.?
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From page 29... ...
ESTROGENS 19 Estrogens in Plant Products Estrogenic activity has been detected in many plants commonly used for food: carrots,! 6 soybeans,!
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20 MARTIN STOB Estrogens in Animal Products Estrogens have not been detected in a wide variety of animal products. Liver may contain estrogen'® because of the role of this organ in hormone metabolism.?
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ESTROGENS 21 genistin, and daidzein, are from a commonly used human food. They are very weak estrogens isolated from soybeans.
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JAMES A MILLER Tumorigenic and Carcinogenic Natural Products In the past three decades a large number and variety of synthetic chem- ical carcinogens have been discovered by accident and design.!
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TUMORIGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC PRODUCTS 25 Ergot* Considering the well-known ability of fungi to synthesize a great variety of compounds, it is perhaps not surprising to find tumorigens and carcinogens among these products.
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26 JAMES A MILLER properties.
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TUMORIGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC PRODUCTS 27 teristic lesions;!
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28 JAMES A MILLER been detected in some peanut butters ;88 however, peanut oils are free of the aflatoxins because the alkaline treatment used in processing the oils destroys these lactones.88 The aflatoxins are heat stable.2 Although the infection of the peanuts with the toxic strain of A
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From page 39... ...
TUMORIGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC PRODUCTS 29 several tissues in vivo, presumably through the usual pathway which requires activation of the carboxyl group with adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
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30 JAMES A MILLER Extracts of common plants containing the toxic pyrrolizidine alka- loids have been used in many parts of the world, e.g., Africa and India, as folk medicines and in rituals.2 Many livestock losses have been attributed to these toxic alkaloids, especially to their N-oxides, which are not bitter to the taste.!
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From page 42... ...
32 JAMES A MILLER organ.52.57.58.59 It seems very likely that dimethylnitrosamine and methylazoxymethanol yield the same proximate carcinogenic agents in vivo (IV)
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