Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods. (1966) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 43-63
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From page 43... ...
TUMORIGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC PRODUCTS 33 SESAMOLIN 0 7 N ee eG ° | CH -- CH CHa ofcn Gn T N07 2 "SESMOL -H !
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34 JAMES A MILLER Selenium Derivatives Compounds containing this element, at different levels in the diet, can either be hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic or act as essential nutrients for several mammalian and avian species.
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TUMORIGENIC AND CARCINOGENIC PRODUCTS 35 found. Some of the naturally occurring dietary carcinogens that are now known, such as the aflatoxins, the pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and the aliphatic azoxy glycosides, have remarkably high carcinogenic activities in rodents.
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IRWIN E LIENER Lathyrogens in Foods Lathyrism, a disease in man that is characterized by muscular weakness and paralysis of the lower legs, has been recognized since the time of Hippocrates.
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LATHYROGENS 41 The whole problem of the etiology of lathyrism has been considerably clarified in recent years due to the isolation and characterization of what appear to be the causative principles of these two forms of lathyrism. In 1954, an active principle capable of reproducing the symptoms of osteolathyrism in rats was isolated from L
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42 IRWIN E LIENER BB -- - aminopropionitrile *
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LATHYROGENS 43 TABLE 1 Classification and Lathyrogenic Content of Seeds SEED CONTENT, 7% SEED CONTENT, % OSTEOLATHYROGENS NEUROLATHYROGENS 8-Aminopropionitrile a,7-Diaminobutyric Acid L odoratus*
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From page 57... ...
IRWIN E LIENER Favism Hemolytic anemia, a characteristic syndrome of favism, frequently accompanies the ingestion of the fresh or uncooked broad or fava bean, Vicia faba, and occurs quite commonly in some Mediterranean countries.!
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48 IRWIN E LIENER noted that heating improves the nutritive value of Vicia faba as mea- sured with rats, no mention was made of any pathological disturbances resembling favism in man when animals were fed the raw bean.
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FAVISM 49 toxic effects of injected divicine, the parent nucleoside, vicine, is rela- tively nontoxic by the same mode of administration,2"23 but does inhibit the growth of rats when fed.! 9 If growth inhibition is indeed the only outward manifestation of the effects of the oral ingestion of divicine or vicine in experimental animals, it is not surprising that the physiological significance of these substances as a possible causative factor of favism has escaped the notice of earlier investigators.
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From page 61... ...
IRWIN E LIENER Hemagglutinins in Foods*
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52 IRWIN E LIENER TABLE 1 Distribution of Hemagglutinins among the Legumes BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME REFERENCES Arachis hypogaea Peanut 9 Groundnut Canavalia ensiformis Jack bean 10-12 Canavalia gladiata Sword bean _ 13 Dolichos lablab Horse gram 8, 14, 15 Horse bean Field bean Hyacinth bean Glycine max Soybean 2, 16, 17 Lathyrus odoratus Sweet pea 18 Lens esculenta Lentil 3 Phaseolus aureus Mung bean 18 Green bean Phaseolus lunatus Lima bean 19-21 Phaseolus vulgaris Navy bean 2, 4, 18, 22-25 Kidney bean Pinto bean French bean Black bean White bean Ricinus communis® Castor bean 26 Vicia faba Fava bean 17, 18, 27-29 Horse bean Broad bean Vicia sativa Common vetch 3, 18, 30 « The castor bean is not a legume.
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