Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods. (1966) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 85-105
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From page 85... ...
ANTIGENS AND ALLERGENS 75 Other Defense Mechanisms Although not essential to this discussion, consideration should always be given to the competency of the digestive, complement, properdin, phagocyte, and interferon systems and to mucosal and vascular integrity.12 Antigen -- Antibody Reactions These reactions are primarily due to the characteristic of the anti- bodies to form precipitates with their antigens in liquid and semisolid media. They are also demonstrated by hemagglutination, complement fixation, and the ammonium sulfate precipitation of radiolabeled anti- gen and antibody complexes.
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From page 87... ...
ANTIGENS AND ALLERGENS 77 IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Cow's Milk Many investigators have demonstrated that cow's milk is antigenic in guinea pigs and rabbits. The sensitization of guinea pigs with electro- phoretically pure a-casein, B-lactoglobulin, and a-lactalbumin has been measured by systemic anaphylaxis and by the Schultz-Dale reaction using isolated ileum from these animals.39 These experiments demon- strated that the @-lactoglobulin was antigenic even after only a single immunizing dose.
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From page 89... ...
ANTIGENS AND ALLERGENS 79 specific rabbit antisera.!
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From page 91... ...
ANTIGENS AND ALLERGENS 81 An evaluation of milk precipitins has been made with immunoelectro- phoresis in agar gel.2838 Unfortunately, only the milk was electro- phoresed.28 The other report? 8 did, however, demonstrate that milk antibodies in 18 human sera were present in the y-globulin, but no mention was made of the particular fraction that contained them.
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From page 93... ...
ANTIGENS AND ALLERGENS 83 reactors.3 Although the authors do not emphasize the point, their data do show the superiority of the P-K test to the cutaneous scratch test, especially in the very young infant. It is interesting to find, but certainly not unexpected, that milk hemagglutin titers were not significantly elevated in sera from children with atopic disease.*
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From page 95... ...
ANTIGENS AND ALLERGENS 85 IMMUNOLOGICAL FOOD INTOLERANCE The clinical history is by far the most important tool for the diagnosis of a food intolerance. Clues from the history can lead to trials with the elimination and feeding test method; although at times confusing, this is the only test that is unequivocally significant in the individual case.
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From page 97... ...
ANTIGENS AND ALLERGENS 87 Wheat The repeated clinical observation that wheat gluten will precipitate symptoms of celiac disease and the finding of classical antibodies to wheat gluten in these patients appear to indicate that serious considera- tion should be given to the role an antigen-antibody reaction might have in this disorder.* 8 27 ALLERGEN-REAGIN REACTIONS There is a large volume of literature based in varying degrees on clinical history, oral challenge, and direct and passive skin tests indi- cating that foods play a significant role in allergen-reagin reactions.
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From page 99... ...
ANTIGENS AND ALLERGENS 89 age, and that 38 of the 85 were under 7 months of age. It is well known that the younger the infant, the more likely one is to obtain a false negative skin test; therefore, P-K tests should have been performed.
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From page 101... ...
ANTIGENS AND ALLERGENS 9] If such techniques could have been employed in evaluating the tre- mendous number of food-intolerant patients studied to date, a more knowledgeable classification of the patients probably could have been accomplished.
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From page 105... ...
PRESSOR AMINES 95 TABLE 1 Pressor Amines in Foods APPROXIMATE CONCENTRATION FOOD AMINE (mg/100 g*
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