Costs of Education in the Health Professions Report of a Study, Parts I, II & III. (1974) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 106-126
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From page 106... ...
TABLE 31 Summary Characteristics of Total Number of Medical Schools, 1971-72 -- _ pas a -- - . -- Summary characteristics Range Student mixture Medical students 66 Interns, residents 0 Graduate, post-doctoral 2 Faculty composition Full-time 43 Part-time 0 Volunteer 0 Full-time faculty/student ratio 1:1 Instructional faculty/ student ratio (from sample of 14 schools)
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From page 107... ...
TABLE 32 Comparison of Schools in the Sample to Total Number of Medical Schools, 1971-72 Key variables Sampled schools | Total a/ Organizational relationship Public 6 49 Private 8 Ly Institutional setting i 1 7 University 5 34 Health science center 8 52 Size of M.D. enrollment Less than 400 5 36 More than 400 9 57 Georgraphic distribution Northeast 5 28 North Central 2 23 South 4 28 West 3 14 ‘ a/Population of 93 approved medical schools within the continental United States with graduates in 1971-72.
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From page 108... ...
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From page 109... ...
The major components of instruction costs are shown in Table 34. Faculty costs constitute 43 percent of instruction costs; they in- clude salary and compensation from all sources, such as patient care income received through the school.
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From page 110... ...
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From page 111... ...
- Provide components of the basic instructional program - Enhance the quality of education through close physician-student contact - Offer additional faculty specialties. The study group surveyed the use of volunteer faculty in each of the 14 sampled schools and found that many schools rely heavily on volunteer services.
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From page 112... ...
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From page 113... ...
TABLE 36 Average Hours per Week of Full-Time Basic and Clinical Science Faculty, by Activity, in Sampled Medical Schools, 1972-73 Basic Clinical Activities science ecience Total 53 52 Teaching activities Teaching 5 4 Preparation 8 4 Curriculum development 3 2 Joint activities Joint teaching and patient care 1 11 Joint teaching and research 4 1 Research activities Independent research 16 7 Patient care activities Patient care -- 6 Hospital administration -- 2 General support activities Administration 6 6 Service 3 3 Professional development 5 5 Writing 2 1 -67
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From page 114... ...
to determine the additional time required because Students are present during these activities. The remaining portion is allocated to patient care.
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From page 115... ...
Therefore, incremental time incurred because of teaching was 1-1/4 hours; joint time, in which teaching and patient care are both pro- vided, was 3/4 hour. In order to determine the incremental time incurred for teach- ing, study staff interviewed nearly 400 clinical faculty members re- garding their joint activities.
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From page 116... ...
TABLE 37 Percent Incremental Time for Teaching by Department in Sampled Medical Schools, 1972-73 Departnent | Percent Anesthesiology 20 Medicine 50 Obstetrics/ gynecology 60 Pathology 50 Pediatrics 4S Psychiatry 40 Radiology 4Q Surgery 4O -~70
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From page 118... ...
however, the amount of research included in education in no case exceeds total research available in each department. To determine the effect of these judgments on costs, the study group computed education costs based on a 50 percent increase and 50 percent decrease in these judgments, resulting in moderate changes in education costs but no appreciable change in net education expen- ditures, the measure recommended as the financing base.
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From page 119... ...
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From page 120... ...
the judgments are: anesthesiology, pathology, and some of the surgical specialties. Instructton Costs.
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From page 121... ...
FIGURE 4 Distribution of Instruction Costs per Medical Student for Sampled Schools and Total Number of Medical Schools, 1971-72 Nu mb er of Sc ho ol s 2 -- (4)
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From page 122... ...
TABLE 40 Characteristics of Sampled. Schools with Instruction Costs per Medical Student Below and Above the Average, 1972-73 Characteristics Schools with costs below the average Schools with costs above the average Average instruction costs per student Percent of public schools Average number of medical students Average number of other students Percent of schools located in health science centers Percent of schools located in cities with population over two million Average consumer price index Average medical care index Research effort Average dollars of sponsored research Average percent of faculty time on research Percent of graduates in research, academic or administrative fields $6 ,000 57% 921 350 71% 29% 131.1 138.5 $7 .4-million 22% 6.7% $9,300 29% 455 Wey 43% 57% 135.6 139.4 16.1-million 32% 11.8% ~76
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From page 123... ...
- Schools with higher instruction costs per student are more often private, are located in major metro- politan centers, have larger sponsored research programs, and produce a higher proportion of graduates entering careers in research, teaching, and administration.
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From page 124... ...
TABLE 41 Variation in Standard Deviation of Instruction Costs per Medical Student Due to Differences in Faculty and Non-Faculty Costs, 1972-73 Percent Source of change Standard deviation reduction Standard deviation in instruction costs per student $2,126 NA Standard deviation computed by substituting average faculty costs per student of $3,300 a/ (1,495 30 Standard deviation computed by substituting average other direct costs per student of $2,700 b/ 1,146 46 Standard deviation computed by substituting average indirect costs per student of $1,650 ¢/ 2,020 5 a/Actual faculty costs range from $1,600 to $4,500. b/Actual other direct costs range fran $700 to $5,000.
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From page 125... ...
Variation in the Components of Instructton Costs. The previous section discussed the general aspects of variation in instruction costs among the sampled medical schools.
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From page 126... ...
TABLE 42 Summary of Faculty Costs per Medical Student, in Sampled Schools, 1972-73 Average | $3,300 Range 1,600-4 ,500 Difference between high and low of range 2,900 TABLE 43 Characteristics of Sampled Medical Schools with Faculty Compensation Below and Above the Average, 1972-73 Schools with Schools with Characteristics faculty compensation | faculty compensation below the average above the average Average faculty compensation $22,000 $28 ,000 Average consumer price index 131.3 134.8 Percent public schools 67% 25% Percent of schools located in cities with population over 2 million 16% 62% =-80
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