Costs of Education in the Health Professions Report of a Study, Parts I, II & III. (1974) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 190-210
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From page 190... ...
TABLE 85 Average Education Costs, Offsetting Research and Patient Care Revenues, and Net Education Expenditures, per Dental Student, in Sampled Schools, 1972-73 Offsetting revenues Education Sponsored Net education School costs research Patient care expenditures 1 $ 7,081 $ 356 $1,023 $ 5,702 2 6,802 584 | 712 5,506 3 14,139 1,345 700 12,094 4 6,586 573 959 5,054 5 16,000 1,688 915 13,397 6 7,674 301 1,457 5,916 7 8 ,060 891 642 6,527 8 6,132 0 1,077 5,055 Average 9,059 717 936 7,406 Range 6,132-16 ,00 0-1,688 642-1,457 5 054-13, 397 -144- -- - -- -- _ -- - -- --
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From page 191... ...
TABLE 86 Authorized and Actual Capitation Levels as a Percent of Net Education Expenditures per Dental Student, in Sampled Schools, 1972-73 Authorized Actual Net education capitation capitation expenditures School per student Amount Percent Amount Percent 1 $ 5,702 $2,850 50 $ 0 0 2 5,506 2,850 52 2,009 36 3 12,094 2,850 24 1,840 15 4 5,054 2 5850 56 1,918 38 5 13,397 2,850 21 2,120 16 6 5,916 2,850 48 2,114 36 7 6,527 2,850 uy 2,055 31 8 5,055 2,850 56 1,818 36 Average 7,406 2,850 38 1,9829/ 27a/ Range 5,054-13,397 21-56 1,818-2,120 15-38 a/Excludes School 1.
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From page 192... ...
TABLE 87 Percent of Net Education Expenditures per Dental Student Covered at Different Levels of Capitation in Sampled Schools, 1972-73 Capitation at Capitation at Capitation at | 25 percent 33 1/3 percent 40 percent of average of average of average Net education net education net education net education expenditures expenditures expenditures expenditures School per student ($1,852)
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From page 193... ...
"po PUTISy/q * J u s o t e d ¢°g ueuq s s e y / e 0 0.
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From page 194... ...
Effect of Changes in Research Essential to Education The judgments used in this study regarding research essential to education represent the consensus of a group of dental educators and administrators. To measure the effect of variation in these judgments on education costs and net education expenditures, a 50 percent increase and a 50 percent decrease was computed for each school in the sample.
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From page 195... ...
TABLE 89 Percent Change in Education Costs and Net Education Expenditures per Dental Student From a 50 percent Increase in Research Essential to Education, 1972-73 Basic science research Clinical science Basic and clinical research sciences research Net Net Net Education education |Education education | Education education School | costs expenditures costs expenditures costs expenditures 1 2% 2% 4S 0% 6% 0% © 2 1 0 a/ 0 1 0 3 3 0 6 0 9. 0 4 2 0 3 0 5 0 5 1 0 a/ 0 2 0 6 2 0 2 0 4 0 7 3 0 3 0 6 0 8 2 2 1 2 3 Ly Average 2 a/ 2 a/ 4 a/ Range 1-3 0-2 8=6 0-2 1-9 0-4 a/Less than 1 percent.
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From page 196... ...
TABLE 90 Percent Change in Education Costs and Net Education Expenditures per Dental Student From a 50 Percent Decrease in Research Essential to Education, 1972-73 Clinical science Basic and clinical Basic science research research sciences research Net Net Net [Education education Education education Education education School | costs expenditures costs expenditures costs expenditures 1 2% 0% "LS 0% 6% 1% 2 2 0 3 0 4 0 3 3 0 6 0 9 0 4 2 0 3 0 5 0 5 1 0 4 0 6 0 6 2 0 2 0 4 0 7 3 0 3 0 6 0 8 2 2 1 2 3 4 Average 2 a/ 3 a/ 5 a/ Range 1-3 0-2 1-6 0-2 3-9 0-4 a/Less than 1 percent.
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From page 197... ...
Chapter 8 OPTOMETRY The Doctor of Optometry (0.D.) is a health professional who per- forms eye examinations to determine the presence of visual, muscular, or neurological abnormalities, and prescribes lenses, other optical aids, or therapy such as eye exercises to enable maximum vision.
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From page 198... ...
TABLE 91 Ownership and Institutional Setting of Colleges of Optometry, 1972-73 | Institutional School Ownership setting University of Alabama, Public Health science center School of Optometry, Birmingham University of California, Public University school of Optometry, Berkeley University of Houston, Public University College of Optometry, Houston Indiana University, Public University Division of Optometry, Bloomington Ohio State University, Public Health science center College of Optometry, Columbus State University of New York, Public University a/ School of Optometry, New York City Pacific University Private University College of Optometry, Forest Grove, Oregon | Illinois College of Private Freestanding Optometry, Chicago Massachusetts College of Private Freestanding Optometry, Boston Pennsylvania College of Private Freestanding Optometry, Philadelphia Southern California College Private Freestanding of Optometry, Fullerton Southern College of Private Freestanding Optometry, Memphis SOURCE: Robert Havighurst, Optometry: National Commission on Accrediting, 1973. Educatton for the Profession, a/ Although this school is a part of the State University of New York system, it is not located on a university campus, and is functionally independent.
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From page 199... ...
Seven of the twelve colleges of optometry have enrollments of 200 to 275 students in their first degree programs. Two relatively new schools, the University of Alabama and the State University of New York, have only a few students.
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From page 200... ...
Distribution of Optometrists There were an estimated 19,000 optometrists practicing in the United States in 1973 -- one optometrist for each 11,000 people. This ratio varied across states, from 1:7,000 in South Dakota to 1:23,000 in Maryland.
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From page 201... ...
Comparison of Schools in the Sample to Total Number of Optometry Schools, 1972-73 TABLE 92 Key variables Sampled schools Total Organizational relationship Public Private Institutional settings Freestanding University Health science center Size of 0.D. enrollment >/ Less than 300 More than 300 Geographic distribution Northeast North Central South West ND RO tH Ww ed NM o m Ie GW WH W W GW W a/Includes the State University of New York School of Optometry.
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From page 202... ...
TABLE 93 Ownership, Institutional Setting and Number of First Degree Students in Sampled Optometry Schools, 1972-73 Institutional Number of School Ownership setting students 1 Public University 250 2 Private Freestanding 493 3 Public Health science center 204 4 Private Freestanding 260 TABLE 94 Average and Actual Education Costs per Optometry Student by Components of Cost, 1972-73 Actual costs Average school ] | School f School | School Components of cost Costs 1 2 3 4 Total education costs $4 5231 $4,600 $3,831 ~ -- 6©$4,755 $3,739 Instruction costs 4,021 44377 3,742 4 5228 3,739 Faculty costs 1,201 15431 1,015 1,460 899 Other direct costs 781 1,261 523 765 576 Indirect costs 755 631 1,137 711 541 Clinic costs 1,284 1,054 1,067 1,292 1,723 Research associated with education 210 223 89 527 _ 0 -156
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From page 203... ...
- All research conducted by the school is considered essential to education and is included in education costs ~ Where the optometry clinics and the school's research activities support graduate as well as first degree education, allocations are based on total instruction costs for both types of students.* The allocation of faculty costs to education and other programs is based on an analysis of faculty activities recorded during one week in the spring of 1973.
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From page 204... ...
TABLE 95 Average Hours per Week of Full-time Faculty, by Activity in Sampled Optanetry Schools, 1972-73 School | School | School | School 1 2 3 - 4 Activity Average a/ Total 57 62 56 Su 54 Teaching activities Teaching 9 11 9 ) 8 Preparation 10 12 9 10 9 Curriculum development 5 3 7 3 5 Joint activities Joint teaching and patient care 11 13 7 16 8 Joint research and teaching 1 2 b/ 1 1 Research activities Independent research 3 4 2 4 0 Patient care activities Patient care , 3 2 8 0 3 Hospital/ linic administration 3 2 1 1 6 Service activities Service 1 1 b/ 1 2 General support activities Administration 6 6 4 6 6 Professional development 5 5 8 3 5 Writing b/ 0 b/ 0 1 a/Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding of component numbers to the nearest hour.
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From page 205... ...
TABLE 96 _ Distribution of Faculty Time, by Instructional Activities, and Programs in Sampled Optometry Schools, 1972-73 School | School | School | School Activities or Programs Average 1 2 3 4 Total 100 += 1008 += 100% »~=9 100% ~ -- > 100% = Se PC -- == ae Instruction of first degree students Teaching 14 16 15 12 13 Joint teaching and patient care 26 23 20 34 25 Preparation 16 17 15 17 15 Curriculum development 6 4 10 5 9 Joint research and teaching 1 3 b/ 1 1 Clinic costs 9 6 17 2 13 Othera/ 16 14 15 12 22 Total 88 83 92 83 yn Other instruction 4 7 b/ 8 2 Research 5 7 4 8 0 Service 3 3 uy 1 4 NOTE: Includes both full-time and part-time faculty. a/Administration, professional development, and writing allocated to first degree instruction.
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From page 206... ...
15 percent of their time in patient care without students and public school faculty spend only 4 percent. On the other hand, although the percentages are very small in both cases, public school faculty spend twice as much time in research and four times as much time educating other types of students.
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From page 207... ...
the variation in instruction costs can then be measured by changes in the range of instruction costs. Table 97 shows the cost for each factor and the recomputed ranges in instruction costs: The actual range in instruction costs is $638.
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From page 208... ...
TABLE 97 Variation in Range of Instruction Costs per Optometry Student Due to Differences in Faculty Costs, 1972-73 Percent Source of change Range reduction (increase) "Range of the sampled schools $638 NA Range computed by substituting average faculty salary of $13,037 a/ 902 (41)
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From page 209... ...
TABLE 98 Variation in Range of Instruction Costs per Optometry Student Due to Differences in Non-Faculty Costs, 1972-73 . Percent Source of change Range reduction (increase)
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From page 210... ...
$1,284 more than doubles the range of instruction costs. School 4, the lowest-cost school, has the highest clinic costs per student.
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