Costs of Education in the Health Professions Report of a Study, Parts I, II & III. (1974) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 232-252
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From page 232... ...
TABLE 110 Variation in Standard Deviation of Instruction Costs per Pharmacy Student due to Differences in Non-Faculty Costs, 1972-73 Source of change Standard deviation Percent reduction Standard deviation of sampled schools $978 NA Standard deviation computed by substituting average amount of other direct costs of $555 a/ 757 23 Standard deviation computed by substituting average amount of indirect costs of $794 b/_ . 802 18 Standard deviation computed by substituting average amount of other direct and indirect costs 506 48 _ a/Actual range in other direct costs is $186 to $1,284, b/Actual range in indirect costs is $451 to $1,641.
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From page 233... ...
rest of the variation is due to the costs of instruction provided to pharmacy students by other schools in the university or health science center. Table 105 shows that the schools with high education costs have high instruction costs and relatively high proportions of their curriculum taken outside.
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From page 234... ...
TABLE 111 Average Education Costs, Offsetting Research and Patient Care Revenues, and Net Education Expenditures, per Pharmacy Student, in Sampled Schools, 1972-73 Offsetting revenues Net education School Education costs Sponsored Patient expenditures research care 1 $1,839 $ 107 $ 0 $1,732 2 2 5632 23 185 2 424 3 5,745 926 0 4,819 4 4,863 WSL 61 4,351 5 2,733 139 0 2,094 6 2,650 424 309 1,917 7 1,579 0 0 1,579 8 5,277 1,351 0 3,926 g 5,677 713 0 4964 10 2 5432 340 0 2,093 Average 3,543 447 56 3,040 -188
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From page 235... ...
TABLE 112 Student, in Sampled Schools, 1972-73 Authorized and Actual Capitation Levels as a Percent of Net Education Expenditures per Authorized Actual Net education capitation capitation expenditures School per student Amount Percent Amount Percent 7 $1,579 $800 ol S448 28 1 1,732 800 46 323 19 6 1,917 800 42 332 17 10 2,093 800 38 368 18 2 2 5424 800 33 4OY 17 5 2,094 | 800 31 512 20 8 3,926 800 20 328 8 4 4,351 800 18 402 9 3 4,819 800 17 332 7 9 4,964 800 16 415 8 Average 3,040 800 26 386 13 -189
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From page 236... ...
On the average, about one-third of net education expenditures are covered by authorized capitation amounts while about one-seventh are covered by actual amounts. Table 113 shows the amounts of capitation that would be required to cover 25 percent, 33-1/3 percent, and 40 percent of average net education expenditures in pharmacy, and the percent of net education expenditures that would be covered by these amounts in each of the sampled schools.
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From page 237... ...
TABLE 113 Percent of Net Education Expenditures per Pharmacy Student Covered at Different Levels of Capitation in Sampled Schools, 1972-73 Capitation at Capitation at Capitation at 25 percent 33-1/3 percent 40 percent of average of average of average Net education net education net education net education expenditures expenditures itures expenditures School per student ($760)
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From page 238... ...
TABLE 114 Distribution of Income by Source, in Sampled Pharmacy Schools, 1972-73 Public schools Private schools Income source 1 5 6 4 | 3 9 8 2 7 10 Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Education income 63 93 71 65 $0 78 #19 79 $939 £450 Tuition and fees 21 17 51 12 32 13 7 53 80 27 Gifts and endowments 2 0 af a/ 2 a/ 0 = a/ 8 1 Teaching/training grants 0 0 0 0 a/ 7 2 0 0 10 Other institutional support 9 0 0 0 1 8 0 3 2 0 State general appropriations 25 ul Ob/ 48 12 45 7 0 0 0 Federal capitation 6 35 20 5 3 5 3 23 9 12 Patient care income _0 _0 12 1 _0 _0 _0 16 _0 _0 Research income 6 5 7 9 18 Ww 2@ oOo 0 3 Other non-education income oO 0 o wv a 0 oO 80 1 2 General university support 31 _2 _0 25 32 5 53 _) _0 16 a/Less than 0.5 percent b/State appropriation does not exceed tuition and fees collected, -192
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From page 239... ...
Chapter 10 PODIATRY The podiatry profession is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of abnormal conditions of the human foot. The Doctor of Podiatric Medicine (D.P.M.)
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From page 240... ...
All states, the District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico regulate the practice of podiatric medicine. Licensure requires graduation from an accredited college of podiatric medicine and successful completion of an examination.
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From page 241... ...
TABLE 115 Ownership and Institutional Setting of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine, 1972-73 Institutional School Ownership setting California College of Podiatric Medicine, San Francisco Private Freestanding Illinois College of Podiatric Medicine, Chicago Private Freestanding New York College of Podiatric Medicine, New York Private Freestanding Ohio College of Podiatric Medicine, Cleveland Private Freestanding Pennsylvania College of Podiatric Medicine, Philadelphia Private Freestanding -195
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From page 242... ...
All of the oolleges operate outpatient clinics, with daily patient census ranging from about 150 to 250 patients; one college also operates a 28-bed inpatient hospital. In these settings students first observe, and then diagnose and treat patients under the super- vision of clinical faculty.
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From page 243... ...
The Sample of Schools Three colleges representative of the schools of podiatry were selected as a sample for cost finding. The sample represents 60 percent of all schools in the profession and reflects the diver- sity in geographic location, enrollment, and program characteristics of all the schools.
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From page 244... ...
TABLE 116 Comparison of Schools in the Sample to Total Number of Podiatry Schools, 1972-73 Key variables Sampled schools Total Organizational relationship Public 0 0 Private 3 9 Institutional setting Freestanding 3 5 University or health science center 0 0 Size of D.P.M. enrollment Less than 300 2 3 More than 300 1 2 -198
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From page 245... ...
TABLE 117 Average and Actual Education Costs per Podiatry Student, by Components of Cost, 1972-73 Actual costs Average school school School Components of cost costs 1 2 3 Total education costs $5 736 $6,108 $4 421 $6 ,680 Instruction costs 2/ 5 556 6 ,081 4 400 6,186 Faculty costs 1,656 1,830 1,179 1,957 Other direct costs 633 753 362 784 Indirect costs 3,009 3,211 2,600 3,217 Depreciation 258 -- 287 259 228 Research associated with education 25 27 21 28 Patient care associated with education 155 0 0 466 a/ Clinic costs are included in each of the components of instruction costs.
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From page 246... ...
The allocation of faculty costs to education and other programs is based on an analysis of faculty activities recorded during one week in the spring of 1973. Podiatry school faculty kept logs of their activities, then categorized each activity using one of the 13 activity categories defined in Chapter 3, Table 12.
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From page 247... ...
TABLE 118 Average Hours per Week of Full-Time Faculty, by Activity in Sampled Podiatry Schools, 1972-73 School | School | School Activity. Average 1 2 3 Total 2/ 37 4g 27 36 Teaching activities: Teaching 5 5 6 5 Preparation 9 | U2 8 8 Curriculum development 4 9 1 b/ Joint activities Joint teaching and patient care 9 6 11 9 Joint research and teaching b/ b/ b/ b/ Research activities Independent research b/ 1 b/ b/ Patient care activities Patient care 1 1 1 2 Hospital/clinic administration b/ 1 b/ b/ Service activities Service 1 2 b/ 1 General support activities Administration 5 7 1 7 Professional development 2 5 b/ 2 Writing b/ b/ b/ 1 a/Numbers may not add to totals due to rounding of component numbers to the nearest hour.
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From page 248... ...
TABLE 113 Distribution of Faculty Time, by Instructional Activities and Programs in Sampled Podiatry Schools, 1972-73 School Sahool School Activities or programs Average 1 2 3 Total 100% 100% 100% 100% Instruction of first degree students Teaching 18 16 25 13 Joint teaching and patient care 29 25 32 30 Preparation 22 21 18 27 Curriculum development 6 14 1 2 Joint research and . teaching 0 0 0 0 Patient care 8 5 10 9 Other a/ 15 17 13 15 Total 98 98 99 96 Other instruction 1 )
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From page 249... ...
All of the schools make extensive use of part-time faculty who spend most of their time in student contact or preparation activities. Part-time faculty make up from one-fourth to one-half of total clinical FTE's in the three schools.
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From page 250... ...
Variation among schools in the faculty costs of instructing candidates for the first degree is explained by differences in faculty salaries* and differences in the instructional faculty/student ratio,*
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From page 251... ...
TABLE 120 Variation in Range of Instruction Costs per Podiatry Student Due to Differences in Faculty Costs, 1972-73 Percent Source of change Range : reduction Range of the sampled schools $1,786 NA Range computed by substituting average faculty salary of $15,835 & 1,476, 17 Range computed by substituting average instructional faculty/ student ratio of one faculty for every 10 students b/ 1,378 23 Range computed by substituting average faculty salary and average instructional faculty/ student ratio 930 47 a/Actual range is $14,012 to $17,188. b/Instructional faculty/student ratios range from one faculty member for every 8 students to one for every 12 students.
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From page 252... ...
- Holding both factors constant at their average levels is equivalent to substituting the average faculty costs per student, $1,656, at each school; this reduces the range by 47 percent. Variation in instruction costs is also explained by differences in other direct and indirect costs.
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