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From page 587... ... Aliphatic olefins, 31 Alkali digestion, 104-6 Alkaline phosphates, 160 Alkanes analytical methods, 105, 124 biodegradation, 291-92, 296 in biogenic hydrocarbons, 27, 31 in mar ine atmosphere, 67-72, 83 mar ine concentration, 318 '22 marine organism concentration, 331 in petroleum, 18, 31, 32 sorption of, 284-85 Alkenes, 25, 27, 31 Alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, 18, 28, 32, 293-94 Alkylated dibenzothiophene, 33, 36 Alkylated phenanthrene, 33, 36 Alkylbenzenes, 286, 319, 474, 477 Alkylnaphthalenes, 286, 319 Aluminum, 17 American Chemical Society (ACS) , 103 Ames assay, 201-2 Ammonium exoretion, 163 Amoco Cadiz spill, 112, 133, 140, 203, 276, 282-83 J 289, 376, 377 r 3801 382, 383 r 391, 393, 398, 410, 411, 414, 417, 423 t 439, 440, 444-45 J 448, 476, 477 ~ 550 ~ 561-66, 573-75 Anaerobic biodegradation, 305 Analytical methods. Read the entire page →
From page 588... ... program, 464, 466 Ballast discharges, 56-61, 64 Baltic Sea, 321. See also Tsesis spill "Beach test, 169 Beaufor t Sea, 4 88 Behavioral responses, 13, 398-401, 486, 490 avoidance response, 189, 400, 422, 427-28 feeding response, 163-64, 189, 396 , 401, 449, 450 , 476 locomotion changes, 164 Benthic communities, 290, 298, 381 Amoco Cadiz spill, 565-66 Argo Merchant spill, 561 Arrow spill, 555-57 Florida spill, 551-52 Ixtoc ~ blowout, 571 petroleum effects, 396, 397, 412-17, 443-46, 448, 468-72, 487, 574 PHC concentrations, 12, 331-35 sampling and data analysis, 97, 180-86, 205-6 Benzanthracene, 18, 36, 397 Benzene, 105, 277, 319, 423, 477 biological effects, 384, 390, 398, 417, 418, 474 microbial degradation, 293 Benzota~anthracene, 286, 293, 296, 384 Benzota~pyrene biodegradation, 293, 298, 299, 308-15 biological effects, 384, 397 carcinogenicity, 293, 315, 478-81 Benzote~pyrene, 384 Benzofluoranthene, 18, 384 Benzofluorene, 18 Benzoic acid, 294 Benzopyrene, 18, 36 Benzothiophenes, 283 Read the entire page →
From page 589... ... See Ixtoc I blowout Canada, 46, 76, 286, 408, 468, 470 Cape Grim, 68-71 Carbon dioxide evolution measurement, 155 Carbon-14 uptake measurement, 155, 157-59 Carbon monoxide, 67 Carbon preference index (CPI) , 31, 32 Carcinogenicity tests, 200 Carcinogens, 293, 315, 474, 477-82 Caribbean Sea, 317, 320, 321, 323, 325 Caspian Sea, 405 Cell transformation assays, 200 Cellular mechanisms, 159, 206, 316, 371, 395, 486 Census (bird) Read the entire page →
From page 590... ... , 57 Cleanup and control, 379-83 Clyde Estuary, 132 Coal, 29, 330 Coal 0~1 Point, 46, 428, 468, 469, 471 Coastal and offshore habitats, 440, 442-48, 465 Coast Guard, 128 Combustion sources of hydrocarbons, 5, 28, 36, 95, 134, 330, 479 Cometabolism, 291, 292, 293 Concentrations. See Dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons Copper, 17 Coral reefs petroleum e ffects, 390, 391, 449-53, 488 sampling methods, 182 Corers, 96, 180, 182 Correspondence analysis, 184 Cresol s, 315 Crude oil, chemical composition 17-23, 31-32 Crude oil washing (COW) Read the entire page →
From page 591... ... See Mesocosm ~ f ield enclosure studies Enewetak Atoll, 68-71 English Channel, 448 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) , 11 , 124 , 132, 335 Enzyme analysis, 159, 205 Epifluorescent techniques, 153 Eros tonal sources of petroleum, 43, 45, 49-50, 82 Ethane, 67, 317, 318 Evaporation, 10, 270, 276-77, 289, 415 Exposure methods, 141-53, 164-79 F Farnesane, 3 5 Fates, 5-6 autooxidation, 270, 284, 290 physical transformations, 9-10, 270, 273-81, 284-90 See also Biodegradation; ~ _ Dissolved petroleum hydrocarbons; Metabolic degradation; Microbial deg r ada t ion; Pho tochemi ca l oxidation Fatty acids, 292 Read the entire page →
From page 592... ... , 151 - 52, 274 - 76 , 289, 322 Fish Amoco Cadiz spill, 564-65 Argo Merchant spill, 561 chromosomal aberrations, 384, 3 89 experimental methods, 140, 141, 187-89, 196-97 Flor Ida spill, SS1 hydrocarbon metabolism, 139, 309, 312-15 hydrocarbon uptake, 291, 297-98 302-3 Ixtoc I blowout, 571 petroleum effects, 390, 392-94, 396-98, 400, 417-24, 443, 444 PHC concentratior~s, 3 3 1 Fishery stocks, 422-24 Flame ionization detector (FID) element specific detectors, 101 Flash point, 281 Floc, 96, 135 Flor Ida spill, 133, 288, 377, 378, 391, 550-53, 573-75 Flow bending, 10 5 Flow-through bioassays, 6, 138, 141, 146-47, 163, 187, 206, 3 75 Fluoranthrene, 36 Fly ash, 29 Food and feeding response contaminated f ish and seafood, 422-24, 472, 479-80, 482, 489 feeding experiments, 163-64, 189, 194 feeding response changes, 396, 401, 449, 450, 476 oil contamination methods, 1S2 Forth Estuary, 132 Foss il fuel combustion, 5, 28, 3 6, 95, 134, 330 Fractionation of samples, 107-10 Francee See Amoco Cadiz spill ~ . Read the entire page →
From page 593... ... , 124, 128, 132 - 33 International Mar itime Organization ~ ~O) , 57 , 58 Intertidal habitats, 437-40, 465, 466 Amoco Cadiz spill, 5 66 Flor Ida spill, 552-53 Ixtoc I blowout, 5 72 Intraperitoneal injection of hydrocarbons, 169 Introduction experiments, 165 Inver tebrates chromosome studies, 196 Florida spill, 552-53 hydrocarbon metabolism, 309, 3 12-14 hydrocarbon uptake, 290, 297, 302 Ixtoc I blowout, 572 petroleum ef feats, 3 83, 3 90, 392-94, 397-98, 400-401, 423 Zoe Colocotroni spill, 572-73 See also Benthic communities; ~ . Read the entire page →
From page 594... ... See Dissolved petroleum hydrocar bon s Mar ine mammals experimental methods, 192-95, 197 hydrocarbon metabolism, 309, 314 hydrocarbon uptake, 291, 298, 303 petroleum effects, 424-30 Marine organisms hydrocarbon concentrations in, 12, 331-34 monitoring programs, 124, 132 PAN accumulation, 479 petroleum effects on, 398-99, 401-2, 483-86 sampling, 97, 98 solvent extraction, 105-6, 122 See also specif ic an imal and Explant species Mar ine terminal spills, 5 6, 6 2-63, 82 Mar ine transportation losses, 56-65, 79-80, 82 MARPOL 1973/1978, 57 - 58 Marsh grass, 182, 439, 552, 56 6 Marshall Islands, 68 Marshes cleanup, 380 See also Salt marshes Mass spectrometry (MS) , 101, 155 Massachusetts, 318, 319. Read the entire page →
From page 595... ... measurement, 101 Meteorological condition effects, 377 Methane, 317, 318 3-Methylcholanthrene, 384, 478 Methylene chloride, 105 Me~ylnaphthalene, 312, 314, 315, 390-91 Metula spill, 383 Mexico, 46, 49, 468, 470. See also Ixtoc I blowout , Microbial degradation, 5, 11, 291, 316, 439 alicyclic hydrocarbons, 292-93 aliphatic hydrocarbons, 291-92 aromatic hydrocarbons, 293-94 asphaltenes, 295 Ixtoc I blowout effects, 570 measurement of, 155, 306-7 microbial population, measurement of, 153-54 petroleum effects on, 401-2, 439 in polar environments, 466 resins, 295-96 seep sediments, 468-70 tropical sediments, 458 Microbial oxidation, 33, 95, 279, 290 Micronucleus test, 197-98 Microwave systems, 129 Mineral nutrients, and biodegradation, 306 Mississippi River, 445-47 Mitotic assays, 198 Mixed function oxidase (MEO) Read the entire page →
From page 596... ... , 446 Oil seeps, 25, 43, 45, 80, 82, 320, 325, 375, 464, 488, 549-50 biological effects, 468-72 mar ine terminals, 56, 62-63 nontankers, 56, 65, 82 offshore production, 50, 52-53, 55-56 seepage rates, 45-49 tankers, 56, 65, 80, 82, 549-50, 573-76 See also specif ic spill incidents Oil type effects, 378 Oil-agar medium, 154 Oil-in-water dispersions, 147, 149-51 Oil-water solutions, 14 ~ -53 OILPOL 1954/1962, 57 OILPOL 1954/1969, 57 - 62 Olefins, 2S, 31, 292, 321, 331, 423 Omegaoxidation, 292, 294 Ordination techniques, 184 Organic solvent extraction, 104-7 Organosulfur compounds, 423 Oslo f jord, 132 Oxygen and biodegradation, 3 05 See also NSO compounds Oyster watch, 132, 168 p Pacific Ocean, 68-71, 319, 321-22 Paraff inic tar, 32 Paraffins, 18, 331 Peck Sh ip spill, 203 Pelagic communities, 12, 97, 287, 298, 331, 3 35, 3 81 , 396 Pentacyclic triterpanes, 28, 33, 3 6 Pentadecane, 319 Pentane, 67 Persian (Arabian) Gulf, 65, 80, 334 Persistent oil, 61-62 Peru, 319 Perylene, 18, 28, 299 Pesticides, 304, 314 Petroleum composition, 1-2 combustion sources compared to, 28, 29, 36 crude oil, 17-23, 31-32 physical properties, 271-73 ref ined products, 23, 25, 31-32 seep oil, 25 weathered petroleum, 3 2-36 Petroleum effects factors affecting, 375-78 f indings and recommendations, 6-7, 12-16, 483-91 remedial measures, 379-83, 436, 466 research advances, 4-6, 369-75, 482-83 See also sE>ecific animal and ~? Read the entire page →
From page 597... ... See Phytoplank ton; Zooplank ton Plants alkane production, 27 Amoco Cadiz spill, 566 chromosome studies, 196 green plants, biodegradation by, 290, 316 macrophytes, petroleum effects on, 40 9-12 mangroves, 182, 437-39, 453-58, 488 See also Phytoplank ton Pleasure craft, 81 Polar bears. See Marine mammals Polar environments, 13, 382, 407, 414-15, 424-25, 435, 458-68, 488, 490-91 Polar ity fractionation, 109 Pollutant Responses in Mar ine Animals (PRIMA) Read the entire page →
From page 598... ... 598 in at''~ospher ic petroleum sources, 67, 72, 83, 94-95 in foss il fuel combustion products, 36 invertebrate uptake, 299 mar ine concentrations, 320 mar ine input, total annual, 479 mutagenicity/toxicity, 379, 4 76-82 in petroleum, 18, 36 photooxidation of, 281-82 sorption of, 284, 286 Polyolefins, 31 Porphyrins, 18, 22, 290 Port Valdez, 319 Pour point, 272 Pregnancy. See Reproduction processes Pristane, 18, 26, 31, 35, 319, 321, 331 Propane, 67, 317, 318 Providence River, 287, 330 Puerto Rico, 203, 572 Puget Sound, 168, 384, 489 Pumping systems, 98, 135 Pyrene, 18, 36, 285 Q Quinone, 312, 315 R Radar sensing systems, 129 Reciprocal averaging, 184 Red Sea, 80, 391 Refined petroleum products, 23, 25, 31-32 Refinery wastes, 75-76, 80, 82 Regal Sword spill, 428 Remedial measures J 379-83, 436, 466 Remote sensing of oil spills, 128-31, 134-35 Reproduction processes, 206 changes in, 385-92, 422, 449, 476, 484 measurement, 163, 189 in seabirds, 435 Resins, 295-96 Respiration changes in, 396 measurement, 139, 159, 163, 188 oxygen uptake measurement, 139, 155, 157-59 Retene, 28 Reversed phase HPLC precolumns, 107 Rhine Estuary, 132 Rhode I stand Sound, 326, 330 Rice Univers ity, 446 River discharges, 72, 78, 80, 82 S Saanich Inlet, 286, 40 8 Sahara dust plume, 70 Salt marshes, 380, 391, 437-40, 447-48 Sampling and sample preservation, 5, 95-99, 135 coral reefs, 182 intertidal habitats, 181 plankton, 156-58, 161-62 sample cleanup and fractionation, 107-10 spilled oil, 99-100 subtidal habitats, 180-81 vegetated habitats, 182 San Francisco Bay, 287, 288 San Pablo Bay, 2 8 8 Santa Barbara Channel, 46, 49, 425, 468 Santa Barbara spill, 112, 3 76, 383, 425 Santa Monica Bay, 46 Saponification, 105, 106, 109 Sargosso Sea, 12, 320, 322, 323, 331 Satellite monitor ing, 128 Saturated hydrocarbons analytical methods, 120, 122 fates, 2 86 mar ine concentrations, 3 21 sources, 18, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36 Saudi Arabia, 51, 52 Scheldt Estuary, 132 Scotland, 320, 408, 409 Scott Inlet, 46, 468, 470 Sea grass, 182, 411, 573 "Sea" test, 169 Read the entire page →
From page 599... ... spectrometry Sperm mutation tests, 199-200 Spills. See Oil spills; and speck ic spill incidents Spreading, 270, 273-76, 289 Squalene, 31 Static bioassays, 138, 141-46, 163 Static headspace sampl ing, 12 2 Steam distillation, 104, 106 Steranes, 32 Sterenes, 28 Sublethal bioassays, 6, 138-40, 163, 188-89, 206 Sulfur, 109. Read the entire page →
From page 600... ... spectrometry, 94, 101, 107, 110, 112-16, 129, 131, 155 United Kingdom, 49, 51, 52, 56, 381, 447 United States daily petroleum usage, 74 offshore petroleum production, 51 Unresolved complex mixtures (UCM) , 320, 326, 331, 334 Uranium, 17 Urban air, 32 Urban runoff, 72, 76-78, 80, 82 V Vacuum degassing, 122, 123 Vacuum stripping, 122, 123 Vanadium, 17, 23, 32, 384 Vancouver Island, 321 Vapor pressure, 272 Vehicle exhaust emissions, 66 Venezuela, 51, 320 Vertebrates hydrocarbon uptake, 290, 297-98, 316 See also Fish; Marine mammals; Seabirds Vertical dispersion, 270, 278-79, 289 Vineyard Sound r 318 Viscosity, 272, 280 W Wales, 425 Washington, 411 Wastewater, 72-74, 78, 80, 82, 287, 326, 330 Wastewater sludge, 29, 78-79 Water of fshore production, 51-52 See also Seawater Water fowl. Read the entire page →
From page 601... ... 601 X Xylene, 277, 390 y Yeasts, 290 exper imental methods, 153-55 See also Microbial degradation Yucatan Shelf, 317 z Zoe Colocotroni spill, 572-75 ~ , Zooplank ton Amoco Cadiz spill, 564 analytical methods, 156-57, 161-64, 205 Argo Merchant spill Arrow spill, S55 petroleum effects on, 396, 398, 404-7, 409, 442-43, 470 PHC concentrations, 331 sedimentation of oil droplets, 287-88, 290 Read the entire page →

From page 587...

... Aliphatic olefins, 31 Alkali digestion, 104-6 Alkaline phosphates, 160 Alkanes analytical methods, 105, 124 biodegradation, 291-92, 296 in biogenic hydrocarbons, 27, 31 in mar ine atmosphere, 67-72, 83 mar ine concentration, 318 '22 marine organism concentration, 331 in petroleum, 18, 31, 32 sorption of, 284-85 Alkenes, 25, 27, 31 Alkylaromatic hydrocarbons, 18, 28, 32, 293-94 Alkylated dibenzothiophene, 33, 36 Alkylated phenanthrene, 33, 36 Alkylbenzenes, 286, 319, 474, 477 Alkylnaphthalenes, 286, 319 Aluminum, 17 American Chemical Society (ACS) , 103 Ames assay, 201-2 Ammonium exoretion, 163 Amoco Cadiz spill, 112, 133, 140, 203, 276, 282-83 J 289, 376, 377 r 3801 382, 383 r 391, 393, 398, 410, 411, 414, 417, 423 t 439, 440, 444-45 J 448, 476, 477 ~ 550 ~ 561-66, 573-75 Anaerobic biodegradation, 305 Analytical methods.

INDEX Pages 587-602

INDEX
Pages 587-602