Risk Assessment in the Federal Government Managing the Process (1983) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-8
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me decade of the 197Os was a period of heightened public concern about the effects of technology on the environment. Individuals and groups urged strict government regulation as scientific evidence emerged that various chemical substances may induce cancers or other chronic health effects in humans, and new government mrmn~=mc care -~ahlished to control potential hazards.
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risk assessment guidelines for use by all regulatory agencies. The Committee considered the current practice of risk assessment and its relation to the process of regulation of hazards to human health, past efforts to develop and use risk assessment guidelines, the experience of government regulatory agencies with different administrative arrangements for risk assessment, and various proposals to modify risk assessment procedures.
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Both scientif lo judgments and policy choices may be involved in selecting from among possible inferential bridges, and we have used the term risk assessment Pol ICY to differentiate those judgments and choices from the broader social and economic policy issues that are inherent in risk management decisions. At least some of the controversy surrounding regulatory actions has resulted from a blurring of the distinction between risk assessment policy and risk management policy.
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For example, a guideline might specify the majestical model to be used to estimate the effects of exposure at low doses on the basis of the effects of exposure at high doses. Over the last 2 decades, most f ederal regulatory agencies and other institutions responsible for risk assessment of toxic chemicals have sought to develop such guidelines.
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Organizational separation of risk assessment from risk management. · Centralization of risk assessment activities in a single organization to serve all the regulatory agencies.
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Proposals to separate the administrative responsibility for risk assessment From risk management imply that the change would lead to improved risk assessment and hence better risk management decisions. Administrative relocate tion will not, however, improve the knowledge base, and, because risk assessment is only one element in the forms ration of regulatory actions, even considerable improvements in r isk assessment cannot be expected to eliminate controversy over those actions.
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These measures include timely independent scientific review of major agency risk assessments and, to facilitate both scientific and public review of risk assessments, the routine preparation of written risk assessments that explicitly state the basis of choice among inference options.
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(C) We recommend to the Congress that a Board on Risk Assessment Methods be established to Perform the follow~ti~s: tific basis of risk assessment and to make explicit the underlying assumptions and policy ramifications of the inference options an each component of the risk assessment process.
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