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Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer (1982) / Chapter Skim
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6 Protein
Pages 106-122

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From page 106...
... found that there was a stronger association for animal protein than for total protein, and in both of these studies, the correlations of breast cancer with per capita total fat intake were generally as strong or stronger than those for animal protein.
From page 107...
... (1979) analyzed international incidence and mortality rates for breast cancer in relation to per capita intake of animal protein.
From page 108...
... correlated international mortality rates for colon cancer with per capita intake data and found the strongest correlations for meat, especially beef. In a study by Armstrong and Doll (1975)
From page 109...
... In general, animals fed minimum amounts of protein required for optimum growth have developed fewer tumors than comparable groups fed 2 to 3 times the minimum requirements. Unfortunately, a number of these earlier studies in animals are difficult to interpret for several reasons: several factors were being varied at the same time (Engel and Copeland, 1952a; Gilbert et al., 1958; Ross and Bras, 1965~; dietary levels of the carcinogen were different in the high and low dietary protein groups (Harris, 1947~; the total intake of food was less for animals fed very high levels of protein (Gilbert et al., 1958; 6 - 4
From page 110...
... increased the incidence of hepatomas to the level observed for the mice fed the 18% casein diet. Therefore, it is the excess of total protein or its adequacy as indicated by amino acid balance that generates the increased tumor response.
From page 111...
... Spontaneous Tumors Ross and coworkers conducted extensive studies with large numbers of rats in order to examine the effects of diet on mortality patterns and lifespan (Ross and Bras, 1965, 1973; Ross et al., 1970~. They focused on the influence of total food, caloric, and protein intake on the appearance of a variety of tumors of unknown etiology.
From page 112...
... described a study in which diets containing from 9% to 45% protein were fed ad libitum to an inbred strain of mice. The incidence of spontaneous hepatomas in the animals fed 9% casein diets was 11/44; in the animals fed 18% casein diets, it was 28/46.
From page 113...
... . carcinogenic effects." In contrast to the incidence of hepatomas, the incidence of cystic lesions, cholangiofibrosis, cirrhosis, and hyperplastic nodules was higher among the animals fed the low protein diets.
From page 114...
... They observed that the tumors were larger and more numerous in the rats fed diets containing 15% and 22.5% protein than in those given 7.5Z protein diets. Moreover, the 22.5% protein diets also caused an earlier appearance of keratin-producing papillomas of the sebaceous glands of the external ear.
From page 115...
... have generally been shown to suppress the carcinogenic process and the subsequent growth and development of tumors. The only apparent exception to this effect is the increase in DMBA-induced tumor yield in animals fed low protein diets.
From page 116...
... In most studies, carcinogenesis was suppressed by diets containing levels of protein at or below the minimum required for optimum growth. Chemically induced carcinogenesis appears to be enhanced as protein intake is increased up to 2 or 3 times the normal requirement; however, higher levels of protein begin to inhibit carcinogenesis.
From page 117...
... 1976. A retrospective study of renal cancer with special reference to coffee and animal protein consumption.
From page 118...
... 1951. Influence of diet on the relative incidence of eye, mammary, ear-duct, and liver tumors in rats fed 2-acetylaminofluorene.
From page 119...
... 1974. Factor analysis of international cancer mortality data and per capita food consumption.
From page 120...
... 1981. Breast cancer following high dietary fat and protein consumption.
From page 121...
... 1948. The levels of carcinogenic azo dyes in the livers of rats fed various diets containing p-dimethylaminoazobenzene: Relationship to the formation of hepatomas.
From page 122...
... 1976. Effect of varying levels of dietary protein on tumor development and lipid metabolism in rats exposed to aflatoxin.


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