Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer (1982) / Chapter Skim
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15 Inhibitors of Carcinogenisis
15 Inhibitors of Carcinogenisis
Section C - Patterns of Diet and Cancer
Pages 358-371
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From page 358... ...
This chapter contains a review of the most conclusive data pertaining to the inhibitory effects of nonnutritive constituents of the diet. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES Epidemiological studies have produced data suggesting that certain substances in foods may protect against the development of cancer.
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From page 359... ...
Effects of Selected Chemicals l The administration of selected chemicals in this category has been shown to inhibit both initiation and promotion of chemically induced neoplasia in virtually all organs of laboratory animals. As will become apparent in subsequent discussions, much remains to be learned about these numerous and virtually omnipresent dietary constituents, including their possible adverse as well as beneficial effects.
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From page 360... ...
reported that BHA inhibited tumor promotion in the mouse skin when administered after the carcinogen. Studies of the mechanism by which BHA inhibits chemically induced carcinogenesis have shown that this phenolic compound produces a coordinated enzyme response that may be interpreted as causing a greater rate of detoxification (Wattenberg, 1981a)
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From page 361... ...
15-4 Forestomach, lung, and lymphoid tissue
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From page 362... ...
When added to the diet of mice before and during administration of BaP, all three indoles inhibited BaP-induced neoplasia of the forestomach and pulmonary adenoma formation. In other experiments, indole-3-carbinol and 3,3'-diindolylmethane inhibited DMBAinduced mammary tumor formation in female Sprague-Dawley rats.
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From page 363... ...
When added to the diet of A/HeJ mice subsequently challenged with orally administered BaP, 6-naphthoflavone caused almost total inhibition of pulmonary adenoma formation, and quercetin pentamethyl ether reduced the number of these neoplasms by one-half. The number of adenomas was the same in animals fed rutin and the control diet.
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From page 364... ...
In laboratory animals, cruciferous vegetables such as Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli have a moderately potent inducing effect on monooxygenase oxidase activity. Other vegetables such as alfalfa, spinach, and celery have some inducing activity, but it is weak (Wattenberg, 1972~.
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From page 365... ...
Considerably less inducing activity has been found in roasted coffee beans, commercial instant coffee, and instant decaffeinated coffee, indicating that some destruction of the inducing compounds has occurred during processing. Two potent inducers of glutathione S-transferase activity have been isolated from green coffee beans.
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From page 366... ...
A number of compounds inhibiting chemically induced carcinogenesis in laboratory animals are present in cruciferous vegetables. These compounds include aromatic isothiocyanates, indoles, and phenols.
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From page 367... ...
1981. Plant sterols: Protective role in chemical carcinogenesis.
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From page 368... ...
1982. Isolation and identification of kahweol palmitate and cafestol palmitate as active constituents of green coffee beans that enhance glutathione S-transferase activity in the mouse.
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From page 369... ...
1980. Protective effect of plant sterols against chemically induced colon tumors in rats.
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From page 370... ...
1980. Inhibitory effects of phenolic compounds on benzo~a~pyrene-induced neoplasia.
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From page 371... ...
Chapter 16 contains an overview of the evidence relating diet to cancer in light of the trends in cancer incidence and mortality and the influence of other environmental factors on these trends. In Chapter 17, the epidemiological evidence is reassembled by each cancer site to provide a perspective on the contribution of all dietary factors to the occurrence of cancer at specific sites.
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