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5 Some Study Design Characteristics
Pages 19-28

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From page 19...
... Inferred data are derived primarily from aggregate data provided by commodity reports, commercial surveys of movement of food products in and out of warehouses or markets, and national food balance reports. These data provide information on trends in food consumption for a population group.
From page 20...
... The extent to which actual and reported intakes vary appears to differ with the nutrient studied; therefore, the "flat slope syndrome" may need to be evaluated across the range of nutrients (Gersovitz et al., 19781. There is an urgent need for methodological studies for assessment of the validity of currently used dietary survey techniques in a range of circumstances and for identification and validation of alternative and innovative methods for obtaining food intake information (Garn et al., 1978~.
From page 21...
... Analyses of food intake records using James-Stein indicators show that nutrient intakes regress toward the mean and that averages of 5 (and possibly fewer) days may give values that more closely approximate usual intakes than do individual day intakes (Samonds et al., 1978~.
From page 22...
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From page 23...
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From page 24...
... The design should include appropriate sampling to measure the influence of seasons, holidays, and weekends on the patterns of food intake. With knowledge of total or observed variance and of intraindividual variance, an estimate of interindividual variance (the measure of variation in usual intake)
From page 25...
... ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS The conventional method of determining nutritional status of individuals and population groups relies primarily on biochemical assessment. The proposed food consumption monitoring system can provide only a probability estimate of nutritional status of a population group (by comparison of the usual nutrient intake with appropriate nutrient requirement figures)
From page 26...
... Using the proposed system of estimating usual nutrient intake from usual food intake and relating this to usual nutrient requirement, information obtained from dietary data ought to be similar in accuracy to information obtained from biochemical data. When the estimates of nutritional adequacy indicate the probability that a particular population segment has a significant prevalence of inadequacy (or excess)
From page 27...
... have potential for documentation of influences of nondietary vari ablest Identification of a clear relationship between food consumption and health status indicators will suggest means of dietary intervention for prevention, and often treatment. A systematic approach for relating a health status problem to food consumption data is essential.
From page 28...
... A projected need to use data generated by the proposed consumption monitoring system for this determination would have significant design and sampling implications. An important aspect of the proposed system for relating food consumption to health status involves the use of existing health data on identified population segments to determine unusual health patterns.


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