Underutilized Resources as Animal Feedstuffs (1983) / Chapter Skim
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6. Aquatic Plants
6. Aquatic Plants
Pages 211-226
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From page 211... ...
The report pointed out the following adverse effects of these plants: blocking canals and pumps in irrigation projects, interfering with hydroelectric production, wasting water by evapotranspiration, hindering boat traffic, increasing waterborne disease, interfering with fish culture and fishing, and impeding drainage, which results in flooding. The problem seems to be more severe in tropical areas.
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From page 212... ...
In Bangladesh, rafts of water hyacinths weighing up to 300 tons/ha float over rice paddies (National Research Council, 1976~. A common physical characteristic of all water plants is a low dry-matter content, varying from 5 to 15 percent (National Research Council, 19764.
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From page 213... ...
Aquatic Plants 213 TABLE 59 Production of Seaweeds and Aquatic Plants Thousands Metric Tons (wet weight) Continent Country 1960 1967 1973 Africa Egypt 3.8 Morocco17.018.08.0 Senegal- (1.0)
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From page 214... ...
The levels of essential amino acids indicate that algae protein is of high quality (see Appendix Table 41. Algae are also rather high in ether extract and low in crude fiber, indicating fair energy value.
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From page 215... ...
Crude protein digestibility averaged 51 percent for ensiled water hyacinth-dried citrus pulp for hyacinth from oxidation pond water, compared with 53 percent for hyacinth from lake water. Addition of 2 percent acetic acid, propionic acid, or a combination of these prior to ensiling was necessary to get a pH below 5 from ensiling partially dried aquatic plants (Linn et al., 1975a)
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From page 216... ...
Performance of chicks and rats fed algae-supplemented diets was lower than that of comparable animals fed soybean-protein and casein-supplemented diets (McDowell and Leveille, 19631. Supplementation of algae-containing diets with seven essential amino acids increased growth rate 49 percent and feed efficiency 47 percent in chicks, indicating amino acid deficiency in algae protein.
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From page 217... ...
Intake of a diet by sheep and goats in which dried aquatic plant was substituted for 35 percent of the alfalfa meal was similar to that of the control diet (Heffron et al., 1977~. Rate of gain of dairy heifers fed diets containing duckweed was equal to or higher than that of heifers fed control diets (Rusoff et al., 1977~.
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From page 218... ...
Under favorable drying conditions 1 or 2 days are sufficient to reduce the moisture level to 18 to 20 percent. The problems and uncertainties of the weather have stimulated the development of artificial drying, especially the use of rotary flame-heated air driers.
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From page 219... ...
produced cattle feed by harvesting, chopping, pressing, and ensiling water hyacinth. Production energy and cost were less and the ensiled product was more acceptable to cattle than dried feed.
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From page 220... ...
ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH Feeding a diet containing 18.3 percent algae (Arthrospira) to male rats for 14 days did not produce gross pathological or histopathological effects in liver, kidney, heart, lungs, spleen, stomach, intestines, testes, or lymph nodes (Chung et al., 19781.
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From page 221... ...
for three generations affected reproduction in rats (Chavez et al., 19761. During the first two generations little difference was noted in number of dams that littered when fed diets containing 0, 10, 20, and 30 percent dehydrated water hyacinth.
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From page 222... ...
More data are needed before sound regulations can be formulated. RESEARCH NEEDS More critical experiments are needed to define the utilization of protein and energy in aquatic plants, especially seaweeds and water hyacinths.
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From page 223... ...
Feeding 18 percent algae did not produce harmful effects in male and female rats. Feeding 10 percent dehydrated water hyacinths did not affect reproduction in female rats during three generations, but feeding 20 or 30 percent lowered reproductive rates.
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From page 224... ...
Preservation and cattle acceptability of water hyacinth silage. Hyacinth Control J
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From page 225... ...
1978. The water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)
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