Biographical Memoirs Volume 64 (1994) / Chapter Skim
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Liberty Hyde Bailey
Liberty Hyde Bailey
Pages 1-33
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Biographical VOLUME 64 Memoirs
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The career of Liberty Hycle Bailey botanist; horticulturalist; plant breeder; teacher par excellence; visionary; astute, vigorous, successful administrator; lobbyist; prolific writer; superb editor; poet; rural sociologist; philosopher; environmentalist; traveler; and plant explorer was remarkable for the magnitude of its accomplishments and the breadth en cl enduring quality of its influence. Bailey made his mark in botany with extensive publications on the systematics of sedges (Carex)
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To all this, Bailey added the writing of poetry and frequent philosophical musings. it is one measure of the man that, recently, thirtyfive years after his death, the American Horticultural Society held a symposium, "A Salute to Liberty Hyde Bailey," in his honor.
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Lucy Millington, a botanist, arriver! in South Haven and soon began helping Bailey identify difficult plants, but with the challenge that the sedges (Carex)
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The meeting was a success. Beal told Bailey about his own mentor, Asa Gray, about Louis Agassiz, and about current developments in botany.
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Rather, he joined forces with the study of cultivated plants and, in the end, removed the barriers between theoretical botany and horticulture, as he rose to the peak of recognition in both pure botany and the applied plant sciences. In early ISS5 Bailey started working at Michigan Agricultural College at age twenty-six.
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Bailey continued his cross-breecling experiments, his inspired teaching, anct pioneering new experiments such as growing plants under electric lights because, while in Cambridge with Gray, he had observed differences in the behavior of plants that were growing near gas lamps on the streets. His paper, "Some Preliminary Studies of the Influence of the Electric Arc Lamp upon Greenhouse Plants," published in 1901, has been selectecl as a classic paper in horticultural science.
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As for landscape gardening, he taught from the viewpoint of creating a picture, and for him that meant natural form, not heavily pruned, formal shapes. His efforts along these lines resulted in the award of the Royal Horticultural Society of London's Veitch Memorial Silver Medal in 1897.
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(See The Nature Study Idea tI9031, where, on p. 159, Bailey answered the query, Should I take up nature study teaching, by saying, "Yes, if
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During the first clecacle of the 19OOs, he developed an extensive rural nature study program, guicled by himself and a group of cleclicatec! collaborators.
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In ~ 907 Michigan Agricultural College celebrated its semicentennial with Bailey as its major speaker. In his address Bailey gave his views on agricultural and country life.
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His genius for organization and his wise and tactful leadership energized the movement by which, in 1893, the first Botanical Society of America was founded. This society was enlarged in 1~906 by the addition of two other botanical groups, and 1906 is now given as the date of the founding of the modern prestigious Botanical Society of America.
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To these works he aciclecT valuable contributions to the taxonomy of cultivated plants such as Hortus, Manual of Cultivatect Plants, The Garden of Pinks, The Garden of Bellflowers, en c! other books.
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in his first paper in Gentes Herbarum, a journal In this paper, Plantue Chinenses (1920) , he described twenty new species in thirteen genera and fifteen new varieties anct forms, some wild, some cultivated.
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A year later, in 1927, the renowned publication of Kew Gardens and the Royal Horticultural Society of Englanct, Curtis's Botanical Magazine, (3eclicatec! volume 153 to Bailey "in recognition of his long devotion to the scientific training of workers in horticulture and agriculture and to the increase and spread of knowledge in these branches of science.
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for, not of things seen."7 That Bailey treated the plant sciences as a means for the betterment of mankinct is shown by a piece that he wrote when still a student at Michigan Agricultural College: "it was not until scientific education began to manifest itself that agriculture began its ascent from the slough of contempt in which it lay."8 Surely it is a remarkable tribute to a man that words he penner! seventy-five years ago in The Holy Earth should at last be creeping into the thoughts and actions of a steadily increasing number of environmentally concerned citizens in North America in the 1980s.
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that historians of rural sociology credit the Country Life Commission, chairec! by Bailey, as a major influence in securing support for the "development of rural sociology as a discipline worthy of public support." Larson also incluclec!
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Bailey arrived late at the annual banquet of the American Society for Horticultural Science in Cleveland in 1930. "The main course had just been servect.
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She played a substantial role in the production of the Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture and the Manual of Cultivated Plants. She coauthored Hortus, edited the first eight volumes of Gentes Herbarum, and server!
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lO.Olaf F Larson, "Liberty Hyde Bailey's Impact ore Rural Life," Baileya, 6~1958)
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1924 Honorary member, Pi Alpha Xi honorary floriculture society 1925 Honorary life member, American Rose Society 1926 President, IVth International Botanical Congress, Ithaca; president, Botanical Society of America; president, American Association for the Advancement of Science 1927 Veitch Gold Medal, Royal Horticultural Society, London;
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Wilder Silver Medal, American Pomological Society; Gold Medal, National Institute of Social Sciences 1948 Johnny Appleseed Bronze Medal and Certificate of Recog nition, Men's Garden Club of America; Silver Medal "Green Thumb Award," National Victory Garden Institute, Washington, D.C.; National Award Scroll, American Agricultural Editors' Association; Bronze Medal, Exposition of Women's Art and Industries 1949 Honorary member, Vegetable Growers' Association of America; Gold Medal, National Council of State Garden Clubs 1950 Illuminated Testimonial Certificate, for seventy-five years of continuous service and contribution to horticulture, American Association of Nurserymen 1951 Citation for Distinguished Service, Garden Club Federation
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24 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS of Pennsylvania; Gold Medal, Federated Garden Clubs of New York 1952 Honorary member, Long Island Horticultural Society, New York; Distinguished Service Award, New York Botanical Garden 1954 Bronze Centennary Medal, Societe Botanique de France
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Addresses in recognition of the ninetieth anniversary of the natal day of Liberty Hyde Bailey, delivered at Cornell University, April 29, 1948. A printed copy is on file with photographs and memorabilia in the Bailey Hortorium.
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1913, 11~3~. The entire issue was devoted to Liberty Hyde Bailey on his retirement as dean, New York State College of Agriculture, Cornell University.
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Cornell Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 30:83-122. 1892 Cross Breeding and Hybridizing.
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New York: Macmillan. 1903 The Nature Study Idea; Being an Interpretation of the New School-Movement to Put the Child in Sympathy with Nature.
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Gentes Herbarum 1:139-200. 1924 Manual of Cultivated Plants; A Flora for the Identification of the Most
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Gentes Herbarum 2:270-423. 1933 The Cultivated Conifers in North America, Comprising the Pine Family and the Taxods.
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Brahea. Gentes Herbarum 4:119-25.
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Rubus studies review and additions. Gentes Herbarum 7:481-526.
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