Skip to main content

Currently Skimming:

7 Criterion 3: Outcomes of the Program
Pages 118-134

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 118...
... There are a variety of minor and major risks associated with dieting. For example, there is an increase in the risk of gall bladder disease among people who lose weight rapidly.
From page 119...
... Because improvements in the quality of the diet and especially the amounts of food consumed are important to weight loss, as is modifying one's lifestyle to incorporate reasonable physical activity, any weightloss program must attend to these two components, providing the participant with necessary information and, ideally, skills. Since dieting is not entirely risk free, programs must also make efforts to ensure that they are as safe as possible; this is of special importance to do-it-yourself and nonclinical programs where some participants may not be receiving any medical care or monitoring throughout the weight-loss attempt.
From page 120...
... Characterizations of weight-loss outcomes also differ, depending, for example, on the amount of total weight loss relative to initial weight, weight goals, and the time when weight maintenance actually begins (see Figure 7-1~. Further, defining what constitutes successful weight loss in particular cases involves specifying time frames, individual characteristics, and any special conditions under which treatment was conducted.
From page 121...
... weight management has been found to predict greater weight loss (Oettingen and Wadden, 1991~. Assessing self-efficacy before weight-loss treatment begins and applying cognitive-behavioral methods to increase low levels may increase overall response to treatment.
From page 122...
... Another problem is that the smaller fat cells may produce more lipoprotein lipase, which may stimulate hunger and facilitate increased fat deposition (Kern et al., 1990~. Because it is difficult to measure fat cell number, estimates of percentage of total body fat and body-fat distribution are more useful measures for assessing progress (Perri et al., 1992~.
From page 123...
... weight management has been found to predict greater weight loss (Oettingen and Wadden, 1991~. Assessing self-efficacy before weight-loss treatment begins and applying cognitive-behavioral methods to increase low levels may increase overall response to treatment.
From page 124...
... Excessive use of caffeine to feel more energetic while on restrictive diets has been observed. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of monitoring perceived energy level while paying special attention to behaviors that affect energy expenditure (e.g., sleeping patterns, physical activity, and intake of specific foods and beverages)
From page 125...
... has argued that just as a thermostat maintains room temperature, a person's metabolism maintains body weight at a set level. In this "set-point" theory, obesity is seen as a normal state for some individuals, and lowered weight gradually returns to its natural level through metabolic regulation.
From page 126...
... These health factors should be further researched and promoted for successful weight management. Self-monitoring (i.e., the recording of dietary intake and exercise)
From page 127...
... has argued that just as a thermostat maintains room temperature, a person's metabolism maintains body weight at a set level. In this "set-point" theory, obesity is seen as a normal state for some individuals, and lowered weight gradually returns to its natural level through metabolic regulation.
From page 128...
... The average pattern of weight change shifts from a tendency to gain weight in youth and middle age to a net loss of weight after age 50 or 60 (Williamson et al., 1990~. However, decreases in lean body mass and metabolic rate that occur with aging in most older adults may decrease their ability to lose weight when they attempt it (Tzankoff and Norris, 1977; Vaughn et al., 1991~.
From page 129...
... Black women responding to a survey were more likely than white women to agree with the statement that there is little people can do to change their body weight (IBNMRR, 1993~. Survey data on self-reported weight-loss practices suggest that differences in weight management between black and white women are influenced primarily by factors relating to differences in the duration of adherence to weight-control regimens rather than to the level of adherence while on the regimen.
From page 130...
... The average pattern of weight change shifts from a tendency to gain weight in youth and middle age to a net loss of weight after age 50 or 60 (Williamson et al., 1990~. However, decreases in lean body mass and metabolic rate that occur with aging in most older adults may decrease their ability to lose weight when they attempt it (Tzankoff and Norris, 1977; Vaughn et al., 1991~.
From page 131...
... Black women responding to a survey were more likely than white women to agree with the statement that there is little people can do to change their body weight (IBNMRR, 1993~. Survey data on self-reported weight-loss practices suggest that differences in weight management between black and white women are influenced primarily by factors relating to differences in the duration of adherence to weight-control regimens rather than to the level of adherence while on the regimen.
From page 132...
... It has been suggested that one mechanism for a favorable effect of education on weight management may be through increased self-efficacy (Leigh et al., 1992~. Dieting prevalence also increases with income (Piani and Schoenborn, 1993; Schoenborn, 1988~.
From page 133...
... monitoring of adverse effects that might result from the program. To assess objectively whether successful weight management has been achieved, it is necessary to provide guidance on assessing each component.
From page 134...
... ; and improving self-esteem and attitudes about self-care. Such practices help to maximize one's chances for successful weight management, decrease the risks of developing a variety of degenerative chronic diseases, and enable many major medical problems to be caught at an early stage.


This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.