Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action (1994) / Chapter Skim
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2 PRIORITY-SETTING PROCESSES
2 PRIORITY-SETTING PROCESSES
Pages 57-64
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From page 57... ...
tars and person years needed are enormous (see Chapter 1~. Given the situation of resources limited by natural catastrophes, federal budget deficits, and other de mends, it has become critical that scientifically credible esti mates be developed to help choose sites for remediation, de termine the extent to which each should be remediated, and set the priority in which remedia tions occur.
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From page 58... ...
Although a priority setting process should focus on individual sites and the feasibility of remediating such sites, the incorpora tion of such evaluations into a nationwide scoring system and sub sequent budget analysis requires careful consideration. For exam 58
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Numerous, and often competing, objectives enter into environ mental restoration and decision making. These include the direct and indirect impacts of the hazardous waste sites on human health and the environment, as well as social and economic effects, at the local level.
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From page 60... ...
Uniform requirements for technical data and cost estimates must be established, which will ensure that all sites are evaluated and compared on a consistent basis. At the same time, given that pri ority setting might be required at many sites in the early stages of investigation when detailed site information is lacking the priority setting process must be flexible enough to hancile informa tion at different levels of detail and accuracy, along with the associ atec!
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From page 62... ...
The model's development must include scientific peer review, public participation, and public comment; · Appropriate logic and implementation of the moclel's maths matins: The equations for evaluating and combining factors must be consistent, scientifically valid, and well chosen for numerical execution; · Documentation of the model's develop~nent: Documentation must be provided not only on how to use the model, but also on how the model was developed, i.e., why the model components were chosen over other plausible alternatives; · Valiclation of the model The model must have been shown to produce a ranking of site risks or threats reliable enough to ful fill the purpose for which it was clesigned; and · Appropriate sensitivity an d uncertainly analyses Evaluations must be performer! to determine the uncertainties in model scores and the resulting implications for site ranking and setting priori ties; appropriate quality control and quality assurance procedures must be incorporated and emphasize quality for input data to which moclel scores are most sensitive.
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From page 63... ...
The process should be sufficiently flexible to hancile all types of hazard ous waste sites including, but not limited to, landfills, surface wa ters and sediments, and contaminated groundwater plumes.
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From page 64... ...
The model should be con structed so that nonscientists and individuals who are not com puter experts can operate the model; it should be constructed as an interactive system that allows detailed system interrogation and maximum flexibility in generating various scenarios; it should have sufficient on line help to guide the user through the process of data input and analysis. ~ Model should include appropriate security features to prevent unauthorized changes in site data, model parameters, and model outputs.
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