Information Technology for Manufacturing A Research Agenda (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
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This report outlines a broad research agenda for applying information technology (IT) i to improving the manner in which discrete manufacturing processes will be carried out in the 21st century.
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Equipment and stations within factories, entire manufacturing enterprises, and networks of suppliers, partners, and customers located throughout the world can be more effectively connected and integrated through the use of information technology. Information technology can provide the tools to help enterprises achieve goals widely regarded as critical to the future of manufacturing, including: .
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, and · Enterprise integration and use of other capabilities provided by the evolving National Information Infrastructure to support 21st-century manufacturing. Other aspects of manufacturing, specifically physical processes, are not addressed in this report except as they relate to information technology's potential role in controlling them.
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Only by judicious use of information technology will manufacturing personnel from chief executive officers to factory floor workers be able to assimilate and use these streams of information. At the same time, information technology is only one dimension of enhanced future manufacturing operations; other important dimensions range from a better understanding of basic science and engineering phenomena in various domains to insights into the organizations and institutions that will be the users of advanced information technology.
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RECOMMENDATIONS The committee's recommendations for research fall into two broad categones: those related specifically to increasing the sophistication with which it is possible to apply information technology to manufacturing needs (a technology research agenda) and those related specifically to increasing the likelihood that such technologies will indeed be used appropriately in future manufacturing endeavors (a non-technology research agenda)
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They should have features that support checking for correctness and completeness and should be translatable across technical domains. Models of specific processes must include the information necessary to support dynamic control of individual operations and to take local environmental conditions into account, and they must faithfully represent real manufacturing processes as they exist.
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Effective real-time scheduling requires continuous tracking of the status of jobs, work cells, tooling, and resources and should support reactive scheduling and control (e.g., rerouting work flows to compensate for a problem or exploiting fortuitous windows of opportunity in individual work cells)
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Information Infrastructure to Support Enterprise Integration Electronic networks and related elements of information infrastructure are likely to be the means for achieving a relatively complete integration of the manufacturing enterprise, including activities within a given firm as well as activities undertaken by suppliers and customers outside the firm. The following questions suggest research areas relevant to enterprise integration: · What standards should support the passing of information between the various architectures and the interconnection of different systems within the manufacturing enterprise?
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Many mechanisms can facilitate such alignment, including sabbatical programs for industrialists and academics in each other's domain, teaching factories created to prepare future manufacturing specialists, and advanced technology demonstrations that illustrate the benefits of information technology for factory performance. In addition, considerable research in social science will be necessary to facilitate the large-scale introduction of information technology into manufacturing.
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Standards are needed to support and facilitate interoperability and open architectures and systems, while metrics are needed to determine the impact of information technology on various dimensions of manufacturing. The technical work required in both areas is substantial, but the organizational and social issues that need resolving before appropriate standards and metrics are in common use also deserve much more attention than has been given to date.
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