Unit Manufacturing Processes Issues and Opportunities in Research (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-10
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From page 1... ...
Future economic success will be driven not only by capital spending but by process technologies and the skill base of the work force. This report suggests key criteria for determining the critical elements of unit processes and applies these criteria to illustrative examples to demonstrate how the criteria can be used to identify opportunities in research and development (R&D)
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In order to narrow the scope of this study, the committee excluded consideration of the following types of unit processes: production of raw materials, alloy development, chemical synthesis, fabrication of electronic materials, component assembly, and infonnation technology. Taking these exclusions into consideration, five distinct unit process families were rationalized: 1.
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The overall organization of unit processes can be conceptualized in three-dimensional space with one axis being the unit process families; the second axis, the unit process components; and the third axis, the types and combinations of materials being processed. SETTING PRIORITIES FOR UNIT MANUFACTURING PROCESSES The overall significance of a unit process innovation can be determined from several primary considerations: Does it offer the potential to be cost-effective?
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These specific recommendations are representative of how priorities in unit process R&D can be established within a defined context, but they are not all inclusive. The committee determined that the following six areas of applied scientific and technical knowledge are intrinsic to the design and operation of nearly every unit process and therefore may be termed "enabling." These areas, called "enabling technologies" here, provide primary levers of change in unit manufacturing processing.
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Sensor technologies play a critical role in the establishment of advanced process control architectures and the production of quality products. There are a wide range of sensor applications that could control the operation of unit processes, monitor and diagnose equipment condition, and inspect and measure the product.
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In the past, the predominant control methodology employed the "black box" approach, which used a simple invariant description of the unit process, and advances in control theory were underutilized. Tools to design improved control algorithms and controller hardware are readily available and should be aggressively applied to developing advanced manufacturing process control.
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4. There are six critical enabling technologies that serve as the foundation for unit process improvements: characterization of material behavior, simulation and modeling tools and technology, advanced sensor technology advanced process control technology process-related precision technology, and process equipment improvements.
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The nation must possess an educated, motivated workforce, as well as industries committed to making appropriate investments in manufacturing facilities and equipment. Therefore, significant improvements in unit manufacturing process technologies will require, in addition to research in these technologies improvements in workforce education and industrial implementation.
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4. Government agencies involved in sponsoring R&D in manufacturing processes (e.g., National Science Foundation, Department of Defense, Department of Energy, and National Institute for Standards arid Technology)
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Part III, "Key Unit Manufacturing Process Enabling Technologies," also contains six chapters; each chapter in this section is devoted to a particular enabling technology. And Part IV, "Policy Dimensions," contains three chapters that discuss issues in resource allocation for unit process R&D and education, and an overview of the experience of other industrialized countries in manufacturing-related R&D.
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