Unit Manufacturing Processes Issues and Opportunities in Research (1995) / Chapter Skim
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16 Resources in Unit Process Research and Education
16 Resources in Unit Process Research and Education
Pages 187-198
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From page 187... ...
RESOURCES FOR RESEARCH Research in unit manufacturing processes is conducted by a wide range of private corporations, federal agencies, and universities. Several years ago, federal funding supported a little over 25 percent of industrial R&D spending in the general area of manufacturing.' For universities, federal funding supplies the majority of the support for manufacturing process research with a significantly smaller contribution coming Tom industry.
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From page 188... ...
Although the United States has the beginnings of industry-wide research cooperations in organizations such as the Electric Power Research Institute, the National Center for Manufacturing Science, arid Sematech, it appears that industrial research funds could be spent more efficiently through wider involvement in collaborative research. Federal Research Programs Although a few state governments fund applied research in manufacturing, for instance, Industrial Technology Institute in Michigan, most government spending on manufacturing process research occurs in federal agencies.
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From page 189... ...
Within the Department of Commerce, the Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology conducts research on a broad range of specific manufacturing processes, as well as on manufacturing systems integration. · The National Science Foundation supports academic research in manufacturing processes and related technologies through the engineering research centers and the Strategic Manufacturing Initiative and through programs in the Division of Design, Manufacture and Industrial Innovation; the Division of Civil and Mechanical Structures; the Division of Materials Research; and others.
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From page 190... ...
· The Automated Manufacturing Research Facility, cosponsored by and currently implemented at National Institute of Standards and Technology, is a research test bed that supports development of industry standards for automated manufacturing, particularly for the integration of new process and control technologies into practical manufacturing systems.
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From page 191... ...
Currently, the processes of metal powder atomization and steel alloy processing are being investigated; in the future, injection molding of polymers and processing of ceramics will be investigated. The Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory has programs in precision engineering, automated manufacturing, robotics, manufacturing data interface standards, and manufacturing technology transfer.
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From page 192... ...
. Second, the Division of Design, Manufacture, and Industrial Innovation of the Engineering Directorate supports academic research in the areas of manufacturing processes and equipment, design and integration engineering, and operations research and production systems.
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From page 193... ...
Two rounds of awards from the Strategic Manufacturing Initiative have been made, in 1990~1991 and 1992-1993. Examples of initiative projects in unit process research include: solid, freeform fabrication of ceramics; research in ultraprecision machining; computer-integrated analysis of deformation processing; three-dimensional printing; microconstructive manufacturing; science base for drills and the drill grinding process; net shape manufacturing by plasma technology; and the role of grinding protocol in cam service life.
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From page 194... ...
The use of ductile iron as a substitute for structural steel in nonmoving parts of machine tools is an example of some of the center's work. ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN UNIT MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Overview From the brief review of federal programs, it is clear that they support activities that range from establishing a basic understanding of material synthesis and processing, as is typical of the National Science Foundation, to developing processes required in specific focused programs, as in Department of Defense or Department of Energy weapons systems.
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From page 195... ...
In some universities, a formal manufacturing department exists, however, in most cases manufacturing engineering is offered as an option in a broader department, for example in mechanical or industrial engineering, or as an interdisciplinary program. Compilations of the number of institutions with a manufacturing program may present a misleading picture of the academic effort in this area.
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From page 196... ...
together should carefully evaluate the kinds of manufacturing R&D being supported and the relative funding levels for defense and nondefense R&D. This evaluation could also examine the extent to which other leading industrial countries, notably Germany and Japan, have been effective in commercializing unit process
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From page 197... ...
The committee recommends that incentives be found and implemented to increase the number of students majoring in manufacturing-related technology at universities, so that sufficient trained personnel are available to exploit research opportunities in unit processes and to guide their industrial implementation. For example, the National Science Foundation could convene a study group to determine the appropriate educational incentives, in the context of expected technical opportunities, industry needs, and employment opportunities.
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From page 198... ...
1993. Advanced Manufacturing Technology: The Fiscal Year 1994 Federal Program in Manufacturing Science, Engineering and Technology.
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