Unit Manufacturing Processes Issues and Opportunities in Research (1995) / Chapter Skim
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2 What are Unit Manufacturing Processes?
2 What are Unit Manufacturing Processes?
Pages 19-30
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From page 19... ...
Each of these three individual operations—casting, machining, and surface treatment is a unit manufacturing process. For brevity, in this report they will be referred to as "unit processes." They are the individual steps required to produce finished goods by transforming raw material and adding value to the workplace as it becomes a finished product.
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Sequential unit processes, known as process strings, include cost factors that may result from previous unit processes, such as repair operations required by quality lapses of intermediate process steps. Therefore, many factors must be considered in evaluating cost-effectiveness.
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This scheme provides a concise description of the broad topic of unit processes. Using this framework, the committee detennined that there are a few areas of applied scientific and technical knowledge that enable the design and operation of essentially all unit processes.
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From page 22... ...
In some instances, the process conditions may change so that an alternative mechanism becomes dominant, impacting the process operation and the resulting product quality. For example, in hot forging of jetengine disks from elevated temperature alloys, extended contact time between the heated workpiece material and colder forging dies leads to increased heat flow to the dies.
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The end result is uniform deformation and uniform microstructure and properties in the forged part. TAXONOMY OF UNIT MANUFACTURING PROCESSES The identification of process components provides a useful overview.
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This factor includes the capability of providing rapid response to customer needs. Unit processes that are relatively easy to scale-up from the laboratory to the factory due to their inherent flexibility, as well as efforts to develop process technology concurrently with the product technology, would be highly rated.
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In doing so, it became apparent that a thorough understanding of any unit process with its five process components is dependent on six critical or key technologies that enable the correct design and operation of all processes. The committee determined that the six enabling technologies are workplace material behavior, process simulation and modeling, process sensors, process control, process precision and metrology, and equipment design.
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The incorporation of innovative sensing devices could greatly enhance the operation and control of unit processes. Process control involves the development of improved computer software and hardware to provide the optimum operation of process equipment at the required level of precision.
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In addition, advanced equipment design efforts often utilize simulation of the equipment operation, including accurate modeling of the workplace and interface materials behavior during processing. These relationships among the six enabling technologies and the five major process components are depicted schematically in Figure 2-4.
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structure is shown to emphasize that knowledge flows from the six enabling technologies to the process components, which, in turn, form the unit process. PROCESS STREAMS AND INTEGRATED PROCESSES In most cases, product manufacture includes a series of sequential unit processes, referred to as a process stream.
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From page 30... ...
1994. Total Quality Engineering: A Step-by-Step Guide to World Class Concurrent Engineering.
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