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Computer-Aided Materials Selection During Structural Design (1995) / Chapter Skim
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2 Materials Selection in Structural Design
Pages 11-18

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From page 11...
... This chapter is based, in part, on information gathered by the committee during a two-day site visit to the Boeing Commercial Airplane Group' and comparative data on the Grumman design process. However, the design process and information needs detailed here are generic and applicable to structural designs in many industries (e.g., buildings, bndges, oil rigs, automobiles, ships, and spacecraft)
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From page 12...
... These, perspective of the entire system, not from that of a partic in turn, are subdivided even further into manageable cam- ular subsystem. portents and subcomponents, each of which is the respon- Although concurrent engineering has considerably reduced rework, structural design and material selection remain iterative, cyclical processes.
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From page 13...
... The structure is predominantly modeled using combinations of bars and panels for the structural analysis and optimization programs because of the significantly longer computer times needed to model the structure and complete the analysis or optimization using solids. Solid elements are only used when the structure cannot be Cost Model Inouts DESIGN CONCEPTS _ GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION { MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY CANDIDATE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES Assembly Plans Process Plans SELECTIONS FOR MANUFA(:TURING DEVELOPMENT Optimized Assembly Plans Manufacturing Demonstration Panels Cost Model Outputs Figure 2-5 The interactions of a typical DBT during initial concept development.
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From page 14...
... This model was iteratively appraised by structural analysis, weight optimization, and divergence analysis computer programs to determine the geometry and orientation of the carbon-epoxy tape for each of the 148 plies in the upper wing skin and the 158 plies in the lower wing skin. The same model and computer programs were then used for selection of the m~te rials and the sizing of the cap areas and web thicknesses for the other wing components.
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From page 15...
... This design tradeoff analysis process can be very time consuming, particularly when there are large numbers of candidate materials for each part and a range of structural analysis tests, such as thermal strains; dynamic behavior; fatigue; fracture; durability; and, in the case of combat aircraft, survivability. However, optimization programs are emerging that will allow the selection of best choices given the constraint parameters specified by the design engineer.
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From page 16...
... Material condition (fabrication) Material assembly technology Constitutive equations relating to properties Material properties & test procedures Density Specific heat Coefficient of thermal expansion Thermal conductivity Tensile strength Yield strength Elongation Reduction of area Moduli of elasticity Stress strain curve or equation Hardness Fatigue strength (define test methods, load, and environment)
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From page 17...
... Materials Selection ir' Structural Design Table 2-3 Summary of Designer Wants Design Tools Material/processing/manufacturing tradeoffs in concept design Composite materials structures design tools Quality materials-selection aids Design Knowledge Information on He competition Lessons-learned knowledge base Materials-use case base indexed by multiple attributes Cost Knowledge Cost models Life-cycle costs Manufacturing costs Material prices Design Cycle Time/Time to Market More tradeoffs considered in given time Iteration for realistic materials targets Reduce cycle time to market Rapid deployment of new material Risk Reduction Trusted design and materials data Reduced risk in selecting new materials/processes Production Capabilities Facility availability Equipment availability Workforce experience capability and availability Viable supplier options 17 Expert Agents Gather pertinent design information from multiple sources Specific expert systems for each component design team
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Key Terms

  • structural design
  • design process
  • concurrent engineering
  • structural analysis
  • product design

  • computer programs
  • design requirements
  • material selection
  • preliminary design
  • dbt approach

  • materials information
  • material properties
  • commercial airplane
  • boeing commercial
  • analysis computer

  • define test
  • typical dbt
  • wing skin
  • optimization programs
  • design interactions

  • engineering approach
  • drawing release
  • element analysis
  • site visit
  • federal aviation

  • modeled using
  • sequential approach
  • technology applicable
  • include liaison
  • predominantly modeled


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