The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates (1998) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
2. Essentials of a Program to Provide Psychological Well-Being
2. Essentials of a Program to Provide Psychological Well-Being
Pages 15-30
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 15... ...
. Current regulations require that facilities develop, document, and follow a plan for promoting the psychological well-being of captive nonhuman primates (9 CFR, Subchapter A)
|
From page 16... ...
A social environment enables nonhuman primates to perform many species-appropriate activities, including grooming, play, sleeping huddles, and sexual behavior. Moreover, partners contribute to meeting other psychological needs by providing variation (e.g., social interactions that are not completely predictable)
|
From page 17... ...
Clearly, the goal of housing nonhuman primates is to avoid the development of behavior problems through the careful planning, execution, and assessment of an institutional strategy, or plan, for ensuring the psychological well-being of the animals. Although social housing is a critical component of psychological well-being, careful consideration is required in developing the procedures to achieve this objective.
|
From page 18... ...
On the other hand, captive environments that are created without a reasonable appreciation for how animals spend their time in the wild can result in expressions of qualitatively normal behaviors that are quantitatively harmful. Grooming of self or others to the point of baldness is a common example.
|
From page 19... ...
Many captive environments do not allow for the expression of the full range of desirable species-typical activities, such as foraging and exploration, unless they are enhanced by providing devices that foster such activities. Key to the establishment of environmental enrichment and the enabling of species-typical behaviors are the concepts of habituation and interest.
|
From page 20... ...
Environmental enrichment is a broad classification that encompasses various methods. For example, such cage furnishings as perches, shelves, and tunnels have been used to increase the comfort of animals by allowing them to get off the cage floor, assume a variety of physical postures, engage in various physical activities, and escape the attention of others when socially housed (Neveu and Deputte 1996)
|
From page 21... ...
Foraging boards and puzzles stimulate foraging activity and are discussed in many sections of this report. In the furniture category are ropes, swings, perches, and climbing structures; deep bedding with or without browse, such as grains and popcorn; nest boxes and other structures to permit privacy and escape; and mir
|
From page 22... ...
Species, age, sex, and individual histories are important factors to consider when evaluating housing designs. Performance standards based on postural adjustments and locomotor activities preclude specification of dimensions
|
From page 23... ...
The volume of usable space could be the appropriate dimension to consider, and individual animals must have sufficient usable space to express normal postures and locomotion when the space occupied by each cage companion is taken into account. When two animals are housed together by interconnecting their cages, greater spatial opportunities exist for both than when each is housed in its separate cage.
|
From page 24... ...
should result from a thoughtful understanding of the needs of the animals, not from multiples of body weight of the inhabitants. We further believe that many nonhuman primates in single cages today would benefit from a compatible cagemate, even if the cage sizes do not precisely meet the letter of the law (Eaton and others 1994; Reinhardt and Hurwitz 1993)
|
From page 25... ...
A good program for animal care should include plans for monitoring, intervention, remediation, and appropriate documentation. Observations of animals, especially of large outdoor nonhuman primate colonies, is a shared responsibility that varies greatly among facilities and includes the animal-care staff, behavioral scientists and technicians, and other investigators.
|
From page 26... ...
It is important to recognize that programs to promote the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates are living documents subject to change and updating as new information is acquired. Each facility should have protocols for diagnosing the cause of physical impairments and abnormal behavior, determining when remediation is necessary, developing remediation plans, assessing effectiveness of remediation, and maintaining appropriate records; they should specify who will be responsible for each aspect of diagnosis, remediation, assessment, and documentation.
|
From page 27... ...
Additional information about the construction of plans can be found in Appendix A Also, institutions designing enrichment plans for nonhuman primates are encouraged to take advantage of the periodic bibliographies on related subjects provided by the U
|
From page 28... ...
The plan should contain a brief summary of relevant information on the natural history and behavioral ecology of each species of nonhu man primate in the facility in the context of scientific justification for the enrichment strategies implemented. The clinical records should indicate both the medical and behavioral status of the ani mals and treatment(s)
|
From page 29... ...
C Techniques that allow animals to control aspects of the environ ment (opening doors and peep holes, influencing temperature and light, etc.)
|
From page 30... ...
Individual animals are judged to be in a state of well being, or 2. The cause of distress or atypical behavior in any animal can be shown to be derived from antecedent conditions of abnormal development, inappropriate rearing condi tions, or an approved research protocol; practices are identified and implemented for the benefit of future generations of animals; and facility records exist for the presence, etiol ogy, and remediation or accommodation of observed cases of lack of well-being.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.