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4. Effect of Special Research Conditions on Psychological Well-Being
Pages 47-54

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From page 47...
... Under all circumstances, however, negative effects on psychological well-being should be reduced to the greatest extent consistent with the research objectives. To help investigators to anticipate, mitigate, or avoid procedures that are likely to cause distress in research animals, many scientific organizations have drawn up codes of practice and ethical standards as guidelines for the care and use of animals.
From page 48...
... They should be aware that knowledge about aspects of research procedures that cause distress and about methods to mitigate unwanted and unnecessary negative effects is changing continuously. CONDITIONS INVOLVING INFECTIOUS DISEASES Studies that use nonhuman primates for infectious-disease research of necessity invoke several precautionary measures, for example, specialized animal holding units for animal and personnel safety (CDC/NIH 1993; NRC 1997a)
From page 49...
... Some mothers might reject or be unable to care for an infant, the infant might be ill and require special care, or an approved research protocol might preclude maintenance of normal social compositions. Under such conditions, every effort should be made to provide infants and other immature animals with appropriate social stimulation so as to minimize the adverse effects of rearing in socially restricted environments.
From page 50...
... The method of restraint chosen should reflect the purpose of restraint, the period and degree of restraint, maintenance requirements, and the degree of discomfort imposed on an animal. For example, if the research protocol requires that an animal be chronically restrained but does not require strict immobility of the animal, this might be achieved in the animal's home cage by using a jacket and tether system, rather than a more confining primate chair.
From page 51...
... Personnel safety is paramount when people are working with and training nonhuman primates, and no single technique for gaining access to an animal's arm or leg safely is universally accepted. What is considered the best safe practice is to train the animal to extend its limb (and sometimes to hold a firmly attached bar with the fist)
From page 52...
... After those procedures, appropriate accommodations should be made in an animal's housing environment or access to enrichment devices to maximize the extent to which it can interact socially and with the environment. Such accommodations can include housing the animal in a social group where it will not be subject to aggressive attacks, giving it manipulable objects that can be used with a particular sensory or motor deficit, and giving increased personnel attention to an animal that can no longer be put in social housing.
From page 53...
... . 1 Before approving multiple major survival surgery on a single animal, readers should refer to the Animal Welfare Regulations, the Public Health Service Policy, and the Guide.
From page 54...
... In addition, the creation of physical or psychological drug dependence raises the possibility of intense withdrawal responses that might continue -- or even become more severe -- when an animal is no longer in the experimental setting. If such effects can be anticipated and are not part of the aims of the research, the IACUC and the investigator are obliged to consider them and if possible mitigate or eliminate them.


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