Prudent Practices in the Laboratory Handling and Disposal of Chemicals (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Governmental Regulation of Laboratories
Governmental Regulation of Laboratories
Pages 197-212
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From page 197... ...
9.G.2 Recordkeeping Requirements for Significant Adverse Reaction Allegations TSCA 8(c) 9.G.3 Regulations Covering Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
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From page 198... ...
The two most important are the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's regulation, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories (the OSHA Laboratory Standard) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
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From page 199... ...
Occupational Exposure to 29 CFR 1910.1450 Laboratory worker protection Hazardous Chemicals in from chemical use Lab oratories (Lab oratory Standard) Hazard Communication 29 CFR 1910.1200 General worker protection Standard from chemical use Occupational Exposure to 29 CFR 1910.1030 Worker protector from Bloodborne Pathogens exposure to bloodborne pathogens Air Contaminants 29 CFR 1910.1000-1050 Standards for exposure to hazardous chemicals Hazardous Waste Operations 29 CFR 1910.120 and Worker protection during Applies to state and local and Emergency Response 40 CFR 311 hazardous waste cleanup government employees not (HAZWOPER)
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From page 200... ...
Polychlorinated Biphenyls 40 CFR 761 (PCBs) Cleanup requirements for spills and disposal sites Requirements for reporting of extremely hazardous materials and unplanned releases Requirements for reporting of hazardous chemicals in use Requirements for reporting of chemical releases Protection of human health and the environment by requiring testing and necessary restrictions on use of certain chemical substances One provision exempts users of small quantities solely for research and development (R&D)
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water quality Criteria and Standards for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Pretreatment Regulations for Existing and New Sources of Pollution Hazardous Materials Transportation Act (HMTA)
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From page 202... ...
and has the following major elements: · employee information and training about the hazards of chemicals in the work area, including how to detect their presence or release, work practices and how to use protective equipment, and emergency response procedures; · the circumstances under which a particular laboratory operation requires prior approval from the employer; · standard operating procedures for work with hazardous chemicals; · criteria for use of control measures, such as engineering controls or personal protection equipment; · measures to ensure proper operation of fume hoods and other protective equipment; · provisions for additional employee protection for work with "select carcinogens" (as defined in the Laboratory Standard) and for reproductive toxins or substances that have a high degree of acute toxicity; · provisions for medical consultations and examinations for employees; and · designation of a chemical hygiene officer.
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From page 203... ...
Model Chemical Hygiene Plans are available from the OSHA consultation service, from the American Chemical Society, and from some professional associations or commercial sources. 9.C.2 Relation of the OSHA Laboratory Standard to Other OSHA Standards Several points about the OSHA Laboratory Standard deserve special mention.
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From page 204... ...
Custodial and maintenance staff who service the laboratory continue to be governed by other OSHA standards, particularly the Hazard Communication Standard, which sets forth the information, training, and health and safety protections required to be provided to nonlaboratory employees. 9.C.6 Federal Versus State Regulations Enforcement of the Laboratory Standard, as well as other OSHA standards, may be a shared responsibility of the federal government and of state occupational safety and health programs.
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From page 205... ...
for each hazardous chemical be readily accessible to employees, whereas the Laboratory Standard requires only that employers "maintain MSDSs that are received with incoming shipments, and ensure that they are readily accessible...." Many institutions, faced with the difficulty of designing environmental health and safety programs that meet the requirements of the Laboratory Standard and the requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard, have opted to follow the requirements of the Hazard Communication Standard for all workplaces, laboratory and nonlaboratory, while additionally adopting and implementing the Chemical Hygiene Plan requirements of the Laboratory Standard as they apply to laboratories. Careful comparison of the two standards should be made when designing an environmental health and safety program.
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From page 206... ...
The RCRA regulations contain detailed provisions and testing procedures for determining if any particular chemical waste, not specifically listed in the regulations, is a "hazardous waste" within the RCRA definition. "Acute hazardous wastes" are those listed as such in 40 CFR 261.31 (the FO20-27 series, the dioxin precursors)
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From page 207... ...
Indirect dischargers, that is, those who discharge effluents into publicly owned sewage treatment works, are not required to have a permit, but must be subject to discharge conditions set by the local wastewater treatment authority. Because many of these local sanitary sewer and water treatment districts have their own, more restrictive, requirements, there should be no drain disposal of hazardous materials without checking with local authorities.
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From page 208... ...
While not specifically addressed in the RCRA regulations, a rationale for this exception is that the material has not been declared a "waste" subject to RCRA regulation. · "Closed loop" treatment processes where "only tank storage is involved and the entire process through completion of reclamation is closed by being entirely , ~ , connected with pipes" are allowed.
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Those who prepare hazardous materials for transportation must also meet certain training requirements. These requirements have been recently promulgated under the Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act.
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From page 210... ...
9.F SARA TITLE 111, COMMUNITY RIGHT-TOKNOW AND EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION AND RESPONSE Under Title III of SARA, the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act, facilities that use hazardous chemicals in their operations must maintain the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) required under OSHA's Hazard Communication Standard, submit copies of the MSDSs, provide inventories of hazardous chemicals, and report accidental releases to emergency planning authorities.
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From page 211... ...
While EPA does not specify the language, the following is an example of a TSCA R&D label: This material is not listed on the TSCA Inventory. It should be used for research and development purposes only under the direct supervision of a technically qualified individual.
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From page 212... ...
9.H REGULATION OF LABORAT012Y DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION Laboratory design and construction are regulated mainly by state and local laws that incorporate, by reference, generally accepted standard practices set out in various uniform codes, such as the Uniform Building Code, the Uniform Fire Code, and the National Fire Protection Association standards. For laboratory buildings where hazardous chemicals are stored or used, there are detailed requirements covering such things as spill control, drainage, containment, ventilation, emergency power, special controls for hazardous gases, fire prevention, and building height.
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