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From page 415... ... see Acrylonitrile Acquisition of chemicals, 4, 24, 25, 6769, 228 minimization, 4, 64-65, 153 Acrolein, 54, 248-249 Acrylaldehyde, see Acrolein Acrylamide, 250-251 Acrylic aldehyde, see Acrolein Acrylonitrile, 252-253 Activated carbon, 56, 155, 188 Acute toxicity, 41-43 exposure factors, 36 information sources, 34, 41 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 41, 42, 236 lethal doses, 36, 41, 42, 43, 47 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 32, 41 of new and unknown compounds, 3 "particularly hazardous substances," 41-42, 203, 204 systemic effects, 39 Acyl halides, 161-162 Acylating agents, 45 Administration and supervision, 2, 15-16, 18, 23-24, 64, 176, 226-227 risk assessment, 31, 42 Adverse reactions, 211-212 Aerosols, 91, 92, 94, 194 inhalation of, 38, 83 Aerothene MM, see Dichloromethane Air, liquefied, 51, 101 Air baths, 114, 117-118 Airborne concentrations, 37-38 explosive limits, 48-49, 50 lethal (LC) values, 36 monitoring, 42-43, 92, 228 threshold limits, 42-43 ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) Read the entire page →
From page 416... ... , 37, 48, 95, 102, 274-275 Carbon monoxide (CO) , 37, 40, 41, 58, 96, 124, 276-277 Carbon oxychloride, see Phosgene Carbon tetrachloride, 103, 278-279 Carbonyl chloride, see Phosgene Carcinogens, 33, 40, 45, 61 exposure factors, 36, 37 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 43 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 32 "select", 41, 43-44, 203-204, 221 Card files, 69 Carts, 60, 68, 84,122 CAS, see Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 34 Catalog of Teratogenic Agents, 34, 46 Catalysts, 54, 56, 57, 96, 101-102, 103, 165 Cathodes, 58 Caustic potash, see Potassium hydroxide Caustics, see Corrosives and corroslvlty Caustic soda, see Sodium hydroxide CD-ROM disks, 31, 35 Celite, 66 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 60, 156 Central nervous system, see Neurotoxicity Centrifuges, 119, 127 Chemical Abstracts (CA) Read the entire page →
From page 417... ... , 66, 102, 286-287 Chronic toxicity, 36, 37, 230-232 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 236 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 32 of new and unknown compounds, 3 systemic effects, 39 see also Carcinogens Circuit breakers and fuses, 59, 88, 110, 112 Clean Air Act, 9, 148, 201, 209-210 Cleaning, see Housekeeping and cleaning Clean rooms, 193, 194 Clean Water Act, 148 Clinical laboratories, 6, 60, 151 Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 34 Clothing and protective apparel, 43, 83-84, 87-88, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 98, 131-132, 228, 230 CMME, see Chloromethyl methyl ether Cobalt salts, 102 Cold rooms, 59, 82, 111, 194 Cold traps, 58, 103, 112, 113, 128, 129 Color coding, 10, 121-122 Combustion, see Explosibility; Flammability; Ignition sources Commingling of waste, 6, 145, 147, 150 Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 34, 41 Compressed Gas Association (CGA) standards, 122, 123, 126 Compressed gases, 57, 104-105, 109, 121-126, 144, 219-220 flammability, 51, 104, 105, 123-124 Computer simulation, 2, 4, 18 Computer systems and services hazard information, 34-35 inventory and tracking, 68, 69-70 Material Safety Data Sheets, 31, 3435 Condensation, 57, 70, 99, 111, 128, 129 Congenital effects, see Developmental toxicity Connectors, 85, 109 Contact lenses, 82, 94, 132, 230 Containers and packages, 38, 39, 60, 73-74, 76, 93, 113 417 bulk and economy sizes, 4, 64, 67 flammable substances, 50, 74, 75, 85 and microwaves, 59, 118 smaller sizes, 4, 64-65, 67, 121, 1.46 transfers among, 38, 64, 66, 71, 96, 128 transport, 68, 69, 84, 92, 121, 128 waste, 74, 75, 84, 85, 145, 148, 157, 207-208 see also Gas cylinders; Glass and glassware; Labels and labeling Contingency plans, 10, 23, 23-24, 2526, 47, 81, 93, 146 Cooling baths, 59, 109, 128, 129 Copper, 66, 99, 124, 125 Corrosives and corrosivity, 35, 39-40, 41, 43 eye contact, 39, 40, 43 ingestion, 38, 39 inhalation, 39 skin contact, 38, 39, 40, 43 of wastes, 144 Cryogenic liquids, 57, 58, 60, 74, 97, 101, 120, 128-129, 130 Culture of safety, 1-2, 14-20, 24-25 Custodial and maintenance staff, 6, 8, 39, 177, 204 Cuts, 60 Cutting and drilling tools, 109, 120 Cyanides, 40, 41 incompatibilities, 51, 54 in wastes, 142-143, 144, 164-165 see also under names of specific compounds Cyanobromide, see Cyanogen bromide Cyanoethylene, see Acrylonitrile Cyanogen bromide, 288-289 Cyanomethane, see Acetonitrile Cylinders, see Gas cylinders D Deactivation, see Waste treatment methods "Decay-in-storage" procedures, 7, 10, 151, 152, 154, 159 Decommissioning, 70 Decomposition, 97, 100 Dehydrating and drying agents, 40, 51, 102 Delivery, see Receiving rooms and loading areas; Shipment and transport Department of Transportation (DOT) Read the entire page →
From page 418... ... institutional identification numbers, 10 waste disposal regulations, 6, 7, 9, 10, 143-145, 151, 152, 153, 159-160 Environmental rooms, 70, 194 1,2-Epoxyethane, see Ethylene oxide Equipment, 5, 109 cutting and drilling, 109, 120 low temperature, 129-130 pressure extremes, 124-128, 175-176 repair and maintenance, 26, 85, 109, 111, 112, 125, 175-176 rotating, 109, 120, 176 stirring and mixing, 50, 59, 95, 99, 109, 110, 111, 114 see also Electrical equipment; Vacuum systems and operations Ergonomics, 109, 121 Esophagus, 38, 39 Ethanal, see Acetaldehyde Ethane, 40 Ethanoic acid, see Acetic acid Ethanol, 156, 308-309 Ethers, 55, 58, 101, 102, see also Diethyl ether Ethidium bromide, 310-311 Ethyl acetate, 312-313 Ethyl alcohol, see Ethanol Ethyl ethanoate, see Ethyl acetate Ethyl ether, see Diethyl ether N-Ethyl-N-nitrosoethanamine, see Diethylnitrosamine Ethylene bromide, see Ethylene dibromide Ethylene dibromide (EDB) , 40, 314-315 Ethylene oxide, 103, 316-317 Ethyne, see Acetylene Evacuated systems, 57, 85, 130 Evacuation, 24, 87, 89, 97 Excess material, see Unused and excess material Exhaust systems, 26, 113, 118, 190-191, 192-193, 227 Exits, 72, 84, 86, 91, 176, 228 Experiment planning, 2-3, 22-23, 2324,25,64,81,90-91,230 information sources, 3, 4, 23, 25, 31 regulations, 23, 25, 26-27 steps in, 24-27, 47 see also Risk assessment Experimental materials, 71-72, 211 Expiration, see Shelf life and expiration dates Explosibility, 41, 46, 54-57, 58, 93, 96-104 airborne concentrations, 48-49, 50 information sources, 34, 98 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 4, 33, 236 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 32 protective shields and devices, 76, 82, 92, 96, 97, 98, 101, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 133-134 Note: Information about specific chemicals (indicated by boldface) Read the entire page →
From page 419... ... Freezers and freezing, 7, 59, 67, 156 Friction, 54, 100 Frostbite, 128, 129 F-TEDA-BF4, 67 Fume hoods, 8, 38, 59, 81, 83, 96, 110, 178-187, 221, 227, 230 and acutely toxic substances, 42, 91-92, 122 exhaust systems, 188-190, 192-193 face velocities, 83, 178 housekeeping, 73, 83, 180 radioisotope hoods, 187-188 sashes, 83, 92, 98, 180 and volatiles, 38, 148, 188-189 and waste disposal, 8, 9, 26, 92, 179-180 G Gamma rays, 60, 61 Gas burners, 95 Gas cylinders, 51, ' 104, 121-124, 128, 129 labeling, 10, 74, 121-122 leaks, 51, 88-89, 96, 122-123 Gases reactivity, 57, 104, 105 toxicity, 57, 104, 105 see also Compressed gases; Liquefied gases Gastrointestinal tract, see Ingestion Gauges, 58, 125 Genoprotection, 44 Gifts of chemicals, 4, 64 Gland joints, 125 Glass and glassware, 49, 58, 60, 65, 75, 85, 92, 230 breakage, 57, 120, 126 pressure and vacuum containers, 57, 101, 126, 127-128, 130-131 waste disposal, 6, 7, 85, 145, 148 Glassblowing, 85, 126 Glove boxes, 26, 91, 92, 94, 193-194 Gloves and hand protection, 26, 32, 43, 83, 85, 88, 89, 92, 94, 98-99, 111, 129, 132-133, 149, 230 Goggles, 82, 88, 98, 119, 149 GOX, see Oxygen Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) , 110, 111, 112, 118 Grounding, 50, 95, 96, 99, 110, 111, 112, 123 Guidelines, see Experiment planning; Information sources; Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries; Material Safety Data Sheets; Regulations and legislation H Hair and hair follicles, 38, 83, 131 Halides, 51, 102, 166 Halocarbons, 51 Halogens and halogenating agents, 54, 55, 85, 97, 103 in wastes, 142, 143, 146 Halon, 135 Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 34 Hands, see Gloves and hand protection Hazard evaluation, 3-4, 5, 25-26, 31, 81, see also Risk assessment information sources, 3, 31-35, 81 57 67 68, 74-75, 84, toxicity, 3, 35-46 Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act, 201, 209 Hazard reduction, see Source reduction; Waste treatment methods Hazardous Substance Data Base (HSDB) Read the entire page →
From page 420... ... Induction heaters, 59 Induction periods, 57, 86, 97 Industrial hygiene offices, 23, 31, 4243, 81 Industrial laboratories, 18, 32, 65 Industry, see Industrial laboratories; Manufacturers and suppliers Inert materials and gases, 55, 96, 101, 129, 149 cryogens, 57, 129 Infectious agents, 6, 7, 60, 93-94, 151, 156, 157 Inflammability, see Flammability Information sources, 31-35 flammability, 32, 34, 49, 86, 95 risk assessment, 3, 4, 25, 31-35, 47 toxicity, 31, 33, 34, 35, 236 see also Documentation and recordkeeping; Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries; Material Safety Data Sheets Infrared radiation, 58, 59, 119, 132 Ingestion, 38-39 protection against, 82-83, 92, 94 Inhalation, 36, 37-38, 39, 40, 42 protection against, 83, 92, 94 Inhibitors, 51, 55, 101 Injection, 39, 83, 94 Injuries, 37, 57, 60, 104, 109, 120, see also First aid procedures Inorganic compounds waste treatment, 163-171 Inorganic Syntheses, 160 Inspections and audits, 8, 11, 83, 175177, 228 of experiment plans, 25 pressure devices, 124, 127 safety and emergency equipment, 7, 8, 11, 25, 136, 137 Institutional structures, 15-16, 18, 2324 Instructors, see Teachers and instructors Insurance requirements, 72 Interlocks, 91, 126 Intermittent exposure, 36, 37 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 43, 44, 203, 204 International Loss Control Institute (ILCI) Read the entire page →
From page 421... ... . Laboratory coats, 83-84, 98, 131, 132 Laboratory Environment, The, 34 Laboratory hoods, see Fume hoods Lab Packs, 6, 19, 146, 147, 150 LAH, see Lithium aluminum hydride Lamps, see Lasers; Light and lighting Landfills, 6, 19, 141, 146, 147, 208 Lasers, 58-59, 82, 109, 119, 133 Latency and "delayed" toxicity, 36, 37, 39, 40, 45 allergens, 40, 43 Law, see Liability; Litigation and lawsuits; Regulations and legislation LC, see Lethal dose and lethal concentration values LCSS, see Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries LD, see Lethal dose and lethal concentration values Lead and lead compounds, 56, 77, 103, 152, 153, 155, 156, 346-347 Leaks, 123, 125 flammable gases, 51, 88-89, 96 Legal issues, see Liability; Litigation and lawsuits; Regulations and legislation 421 LEL, see Lower explosive limit Less Is Better: Laboratory Chemical Management for Waste Reduction, 4, 64 Lethal dose (LD) Read the entire page →
From page 422... ... , 204 exposure limits, 8, 32, 42, 91, 199, 203 Hazard Communication Standard, 8, 32, 72, 199, 204-205 Hazardous Energy Standard, 109, 199 Laboratory Standard, 1, 8, 9, 19, 32, 41, 44-45, 72, 198, 199, 202-205, 219-234 Material Safety Data Sheets, 31 Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens, 6, 7, 151, 156, 157, 199 Personal Protection Standard, 83, 199 Respiratory Standard, 136 Odor and odor thresholds, 42, 70, 236 Odor. Note: Information about specific chemicals (indicated by boldface) Read the entire page →
From page 423... ... , 51, 57, 101, 128, 366367 Ozone, 37, 103, 368-369 p Palladium on carbon, 58, 96, 103, 370-371 Paracelsus, 36 Paraformaldehyde, see Formaldehyde Parr bombs, 103 "Particularly hazardous substances," 41-42, 47, 203-204 Particulates, 56 inhalation of, 37, 38, 136 Patly's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 34, 47 Pd/C, see Palladium on carbon Peer inspections, 8, 177 Pentane, 88 Peracetic acid, 372-373 Perchlorates, 54, 55, 58, 96, 103, 374375 Perchloric acid, 55, 75, 95, 97, 103, 170-171, 374-375 Permanganates, 97, 103 Permissible exposure limits (PELs) , 42, 47, 203, 204, 222 Perosmic oxide, see Osmium tetroxide Peroxides and peroxide formation, 56, 67, 84, 96, 97, 102, 103, 162-163 organic, 54-55, 58, 75, 76, 97, 99-101, 162, 221 Peroxyacetic acid, see Peracetic acid Personal protective equipment, 26, 43, 90, 93, 98, 128, 131-133, 230 emergencies and spills, 32, 88, 135, 149 see also Clothing and protective apparel; Gloves and hand protection; Respirators Petroleum ether, 88 Phenol, 38, 39, 40, 152, 376-377 Phenylamine, see Aniline Phenylmethane, see Toluene Phorbol esters, 44 Phosgene, 37, 66, 378-379 Phosphate buffer, 35 423 Phosphine, 105 Phosphorus, 39, 50, 103-104, 380-381 Phosphorus pentoxide, 40, 102 Phosphorus bichloride, 104 Physical properties information sources, 33, 34 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 33 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 4, 31, 32 of product mixtures, 25 in risk assessment, 25, 42, 90 of wastes, 6, 142 Note: Information about specific chemicals (indicated by boldface) Read the entire page →
From page 424... ... , 35 Regulations and legislation, 2, 8-10, 15, 16, 19-20, 198-202 compliance monitoring, 8, 16, 25 electrical codes, 109, 112 and experiment planning, 23, 25, 26-27 fines, 6, 8, 19, 147, 198, 201 fire codes, 34, 67, 72, 74 geographic consistency, 9-10 multihazardous waste, 6, 7, 10, 150-160 performance-based, 9 radioactive waste, 6, 7, 10, 151-154, 157-159 shipping and transport, 25, 68-69, 209 state, 8, 204 storage, 25, 67, 72 waste disposal, 5-6, 7, 8-9, 26, 81, 84, 141, 143-145, 146, 205-209 waste treatment, 6, 7, 9, 76, 81, 147, 148, 208 see also Exposure limits; INDEX Occupational Safety and Health Administration Regulators, see Pressure regulators Relief devices, see Pressure relief devices Remote operations, 61, 94, 99, 125 Repair, see Maintenance and repair Reproductively Active Chemicals: A Reference Guide, 46 Reproductive toxicity, 36, 40, 41, 4446, 61, 203, 204, 221 information sources, 33, 34, 46 Research laboratories, 2, 3, 18, 19, 22, 65, 71, 152, 156 Resins, 155 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) , 6, 8-9, 76, 144, 147, 152, 160, 198, 199, 205-209 Respiration, see Inhalation; Respirators Respirators, 26, 92, 93, 94, 135-136, 137, 149, 224 Reuse, see Recycling Review, see Experiment planning; Literature reviews Risk assessment, 3-4, 24, 25, 31, 47, 64 emergency response, 25 explosibility, 46, 54-57 flammability, 46, 48-51 information sources, 3, 4, 25, 31-35, 47 physical hazards, 57-60 reactivity, 46, 51-54 toxicity, 41-46, 47, 90-91 waste disposal, 6, 67 Rotary evaporators, 131 Rotating equipment, 109, 120, 176 Route of exposure, see Exposure routes Rubber buckets, 60, 69 Runaway reactions, 57, 86, 97, 124-125 Safety cans, 74, 75, 85, 145 Safety glasses, 26, 43, 81, 92, 98, 119, 132 Safety programs, see Environmental health and safety programs Safety showers, 84, 86, 87, 89, 92, 135, 136, 137 Salmonella, 94 Salt baths, 95, 114, 117 Sand baths, 95, 114, 117 Sanitary sewers, see Sewer disposal SARA, see Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 34, 41 Scale of operation, 2, 19, 22, 23, 25, 32, 44, 66, 86, 160 and explosion hazards, 57, 58, 86, 97, 99 miniaturization, 2, 4, 5, 18, 32, 57, 65, 153 Schools, see Teaching laboratories Scrubbers, 26, 92, 188 Sebaceous glands, 38 Secondary education, see High school laboratories Security guards, 86, 91 Seismic activity, 51, 73, 74, 122 Select carcinogens, 41, 43-44, 203-204, 221 Sensitivity of instruments, 2, 65 Sensitizers, see Allergens and allergic reactions Sewer disposal, 50, 85, 147, 148 hazard reduction, 66 multihazardous waste, 6, 7, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 159 Shaker vessels, 127 Sharing of chemicals, see Transfer and exchange Sharps, 39, 83, 94 disposal, 6, 7, 39, 83, 120, 148, 151, 157, 159 Shelf life and expiration dates, 4, 25, 70, 75, 93, 99, 100 Shelving, 68, 72, 73 Shipment and transport, 4, 32, 49, 6869 regulations, 25, 68-69, 209 waste, 146, 209 Shock, see Electrocution and electric shock; Mechanical shock Shoes and boots, 32, 132, 149, 230 coverings, 88, 132 Short-term exposure limits (STELs) Read the entire page →
From page 425... ... , 9, 200, 210 Supervision, see Administration and supervision Suppliers, see Manufacturers and suppliers Sweat glands, 38 Swern oxidation, 66 Symptoms, see Exposure signs and symptoms Syringe injection calorimetry (SIC) , 97 Syringes, see Needles and syringes Systemic toxicity, 35, 39, 41 T TBHP, see tert-Butyl hydroperoxide TDI, see Toluene diisocyanate Teachers and instructors, 2,10,16,17 Teaching laboratories biohazards, 60 and computer simulation, 2, 18 experiment planning, 22, 24 graduate, 2,16,17-18, 22 legal issues, 19-20, 204 material reduction and miniaturization, 18, 57, 65, 66 and Material Safety Data Sheets, 32 recycling and transfer, 71, 76, 77 and source reduction, 18,19 undergraduate, 2,16,17, 22, 24, 57, 76 waste management, 10,16, 65, 66, 141, 150 Teamwork, 14, 15 Technicians, 15, 17 Technological advances, 2, 4, 18 Teflon, 100,124,126, 127 Telephones, 81, 83, 86, 87,133, 137 Temperature extremes 57 109,126, , , 127 Teratogens, see Developmental toxicity; Reproductive toxicity Testing, see Monitoring and testing Tetracarbonyl nickel, see Nickel carbonyl Tetrachloromethane, see Carbon tetrachloride Tetrahydrofuran (THF) Read the entire page →
From page 426... ... Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) , 9, 200, 210-212 Toxins and toxicity, 3, 41-46, 47, 90-91 information sources, 31, 33, 34, 35, 236 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 4, 33, 235, 236 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 4, 31, 32 mixtures and combinations, 3, 25, 35-36, 51, 57, 81, 93 reduction of, 65, 90 spills, 88, 92-93 target organs, 35, 39, 41 see also Acute toxicity; Allergens and allergic reactions; Asphyxiants; Carcinogens; Chronic toxicity; Corrosives and corrosivity; Developmental toxicity; Irritants; Neurotoxicity; Reproductive toxicity; and under headings beginning with "Exposure" in this index TOXLINE, 35 Toxoplasma, 94 Trace metals, 97 Trachea, 37 Training, see Education and training in safety practices Transfer and exchange of chemicals, 69, 70-71 inventory and tracking, 69, 70, 71 unused and excess material, 65, 67, 69 Transport, see Shipment and transport Treatment, see Waste treatment methods Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDF) Read the entire page →
From page 427... ... INDEX in Material Safety Data Sheets, 31, 32 nonhazardous, 6, 65, 85, 148-149 offsite TSDF, 147, 149-150 peroxides, 55, 100-101, 102 radioactive, 6, 7, 10, 94-95, 150-155, 157-160 records, 6, 141, 146 regulations, 5-6, 7, 8-9, 26, 81, 84, 141, 143-145, 146, 205-209 satellite accumulation, 84, 145, 146, 206-207 sharps, 6, 7, 39, 83, 120, 148, 151, 157, 159 at small institutions, 10, 147, 150 storage, 6, 84, 145-146, 154 surplus material, 4, 64-65, 67 toxins, 93, 144-145 see also Incineration; MultThazardous waste; Sewer disposal; Waste minimization; Waste treatment methods 427 Waste minimization, 2, 9, 18, 19, 22, 26, 64, 65-67, 76, 147, 208 multihazardous, 7, 67, 151, 152, 153, 154-155, 157 unused material, 64-65 see also Recycling; Source reduction Waste treatment methods, 6, 26, 65, 93, 146-147, 160-171 multihazardous waste, 6-7, 67, 153, 154-155, 159-160 neutralization, 6, 26, 85, 142, 147, 154, 155, 160-161 regulations, 6, 7, 9, 76, 81, 147, 148, 208 Wastewater, see Sewer disposal Water, 36, 82, 98, 134 Water-cooled equipment, 109 Water gas, see Hydrogen Water-miscible substances, 85, 148 Water pressure, 81 Water reactivity, 50, 51, 54, 55, 75, 95, 97, 103, 165-166 of wastes, 142, 144 Water solubility and body tissues, 37, 38, 39 of wastes, 142, 148 Welding gas, see Acetylene Wet oxidation, 160 White phosphorus, see Phosphorus Wiring and cables, 110-111, 114-115, 119, 175 Wood alcohol, see Methanol Work flow, 3, 20, 22, 24 Working alone, 86, 90, 230 X X-rays and x-ray equipment, 60, 61, 109, 119-120 Xylene, 76 Zirconium, 56, 102 Read the entire page →

From page 415...

... see Acrylonitrile Acquisition of chemicals, 4, 24, 25, 6769, 228 minimization, 4, 64-65, 153 Acrolein, 54, 248-249 Acrylaldehyde, see Acrolein Acrylamide, 250-251 Acrylic aldehyde, see Acrolein Acrylonitrile, 252-253 Activated carbon, 56, 155, 188 Acute toxicity, 41-43 exposure factors, 36 information sources, 34, 41 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 41, 42, 236 lethal doses, 36, 41, 42, 43, 47 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 32, 41 of new and unknown compounds, 3 "particularly hazardous substances," 41-42, 203, 204 systemic effects, 39 Acyl halides, 161-162 Acylating agents, 45 Administration and supervision, 2, 15-16, 18, 23-24, 64, 176, 226-227 risk assessment, 31, 42 Adverse reactions, 211-212 Aerosols, 91, 92, 94, 194 inhalation of, 38, 83 Aerothene MM, see Dichloromethane Air, liquefied, 51, 101 Air baths, 114, 117-118 Airborne concentrations, 37-38 explosive limits, 48-49, 50 lethal (LC) values, 36 monitoring, 42-43, 92, 228 threshold limits, 42-43 ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable)

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From page 416...

... , 37, 48, 95, 102, 274-275 Carbon monoxide (CO) , 37, 40, 41, 58, 96, 124, 276-277 Carbon oxychloride, see Phosgene Carbon tetrachloride, 103, 278-279 Carbonyl chloride, see Phosgene Carcinogens, 33, 40, 45, 61 exposure factors, 36, 37 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 43 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 32 "select", 41, 43-44, 203-204, 221 Card files, 69 Carts, 60, 68, 84,122 CAS, see Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers Casarett and Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 34 Catalog of Teratogenic Agents, 34, 46 Catalysts, 54, 56, 57, 96, 101-102, 103, 165 Cathodes, 58 Caustic potash, see Potassium hydroxide Caustics, see Corrosives and corroslvlty Caustic soda, see Sodium hydroxide CD-ROM disks, 31, 35 Celite, 66 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 60, 156 Central nervous system, see Neurotoxicity Centrifuges, 119, 127 Chemical Abstracts (CA)

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From page 417...

... , 66, 102, 286-287 Chronic toxicity, 36, 37, 230-232 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 236 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 32 of new and unknown compounds, 3 systemic effects, 39 see also Carcinogens Circuit breakers and fuses, 59, 88, 110, 112 Clean Air Act, 9, 148, 201, 209-210 Cleaning, see Housekeeping and cleaning Clean rooms, 193, 194 Clean Water Act, 148 Clinical laboratories, 6, 60, 151 Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products, 34 Clothing and protective apparel, 43, 83-84, 87-88, 88, 89, 92, 93, 94, 98, 131-132, 228, 230 CMME, see Chloromethyl methyl ether Cobalt salts, 102 Cold rooms, 59, 82, 111, 194 Cold traps, 58, 103, 112, 113, 128, 129 Color coding, 10, 121-122 Combustion, see Explosibility; Flammability; Ignition sources Commingling of waste, 6, 145, 147, 150 Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, 34, 41 Compressed Gas Association (CGA) standards, 122, 123, 126 Compressed gases, 57, 104-105, 109, 121-126, 144, 219-220 flammability, 51, 104, 105, 123-124 Computer simulation, 2, 4, 18 Computer systems and services hazard information, 34-35 inventory and tracking, 68, 69-70 Material Safety Data Sheets, 31, 3435 Condensation, 57, 70, 99, 111, 128, 129 Congenital effects, see Developmental toxicity Connectors, 85, 109 Contact lenses, 82, 94, 132, 230 Containers and packages, 38, 39, 60, 73-74, 76, 93, 113 417 bulk and economy sizes, 4, 64, 67 flammable substances, 50, 74, 75, 85 and microwaves, 59, 118 smaller sizes, 4, 64-65, 67, 121, 1.46 transfers among, 38, 64, 66, 71, 96, 128 transport, 68, 69, 84, 92, 121, 128 waste, 74, 75, 84, 85, 145, 148, 157, 207-208 see also Gas cylinders; Glass and glassware; Labels and labeling Contingency plans, 10, 23, 23-24, 2526, 47, 81, 93, 146 Cooling baths, 59, 109, 128, 129 Copper, 66, 99, 124, 125 Corrosives and corrosivity, 35, 39-40, 41, 43 eye contact, 39, 40, 43 ingestion, 38, 39 inhalation, 39 skin contact, 38, 39, 40, 43 of wastes, 144 Cryogenic liquids, 57, 58, 60, 74, 97, 101, 120, 128-129, 130 Culture of safety, 1-2, 14-20, 24-25 Custodial and maintenance staff, 6, 8, 39, 177, 204 Cuts, 60 Cutting and drilling tools, 109, 120 Cyanides, 40, 41 incompatibilities, 51, 54 in wastes, 142-143, 144, 164-165 see also under names of specific compounds Cyanobromide, see Cyanogen bromide Cyanoethylene, see Acrylonitrile Cyanogen bromide, 288-289 Cyanomethane, see Acetonitrile Cylinders, see Gas cylinders D Deactivation, see Waste treatment methods "Decay-in-storage" procedures, 7, 10, 151, 152, 154, 159 Decommissioning, 70 Decomposition, 97, 100 Dehydrating and drying agents, 40, 51, 102 Delivery, see Receiving rooms and loading areas; Shipment and transport Department of Transportation (DOT)

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From page 418...

... institutional identification numbers, 10 waste disposal regulations, 6, 7, 9, 10, 143-145, 151, 152, 153, 159-160 Environmental rooms, 70, 194 1,2-Epoxyethane, see Ethylene oxide Equipment, 5, 109 cutting and drilling, 109, 120 low temperature, 129-130 pressure extremes, 124-128, 175-176 repair and maintenance, 26, 85, 109, 111, 112, 125, 175-176 rotating, 109, 120, 176 stirring and mixing, 50, 59, 95, 99, 109, 110, 111, 114 see also Electrical equipment; Vacuum systems and operations Ergonomics, 109, 121 Esophagus, 38, 39 Ethanal, see Acetaldehyde Ethane, 40 Ethanoic acid, see Acetic acid Ethanol, 156, 308-309 Ethers, 55, 58, 101, 102, see also Diethyl ether Ethidium bromide, 310-311 Ethyl acetate, 312-313 Ethyl alcohol, see Ethanol Ethyl ethanoate, see Ethyl acetate Ethyl ether, see Diethyl ether N-Ethyl-N-nitrosoethanamine, see Diethylnitrosamine Ethylene bromide, see Ethylene dibromide Ethylene dibromide (EDB) , 40, 314-315 Ethylene oxide, 103, 316-317 Ethyne, see Acetylene Evacuated systems, 57, 85, 130 Evacuation, 24, 87, 89, 97 Excess material, see Unused and excess material Exhaust systems, 26, 113, 118, 190-191, 192-193, 227 Exits, 72, 84, 86, 91, 176, 228 Experiment planning, 2-3, 22-23, 2324,25,64,81,90-91,230 information sources, 3, 4, 23, 25, 31 regulations, 23, 25, 26-27 steps in, 24-27, 47 see also Risk assessment Experimental materials, 71-72, 211 Expiration, see Shelf life and expiration dates Explosibility, 41, 46, 54-57, 58, 93, 96-104 airborne concentrations, 48-49, 50 information sources, 34, 98 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 4, 33, 236 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 32 protective shields and devices, 76, 82, 92, 96, 97, 98, 101, 124, 125, 127, 128, 130, 133-134 Note: Information about specific chemicals (indicated by boldface)

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From page 419...

... Freezers and freezing, 7, 59, 67, 156 Friction, 54, 100 Frostbite, 128, 129 F-TEDA-BF4, 67 Fume hoods, 8, 38, 59, 81, 83, 96, 110, 178-187, 221, 227, 230 and acutely toxic substances, 42, 91-92, 122 exhaust systems, 188-190, 192-193 face velocities, 83, 178 housekeeping, 73, 83, 180 radioisotope hoods, 187-188 sashes, 83, 92, 98, 180 and volatiles, 38, 148, 188-189 and waste disposal, 8, 9, 26, 92, 179-180 G Gamma rays, 60, 61 Gas burners, 95 Gas cylinders, 51, ' 104, 121-124, 128, 129 labeling, 10, 74, 121-122 leaks, 51, 88-89, 96, 122-123 Gases reactivity, 57, 104, 105 toxicity, 57, 104, 105 see also Compressed gases; Liquefied gases Gastrointestinal tract, see Ingestion Gauges, 58, 125 Genoprotection, 44 Gifts of chemicals, 4, 64 Gland joints, 125 Glass and glassware, 49, 58, 60, 65, 75, 85, 92, 230 breakage, 57, 120, 126 pressure and vacuum containers, 57, 101, 126, 127-128, 130-131 waste disposal, 6, 7, 85, 145, 148 Glassblowing, 85, 126 Glove boxes, 26, 91, 92, 94, 193-194 Gloves and hand protection, 26, 32, 43, 83, 85, 88, 89, 92, 94, 98-99, 111, 129, 132-133, 149, 230 Goggles, 82, 88, 98, 119, 149 GOX, see Oxygen Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) , 110, 111, 112, 118 Grounding, 50, 95, 96, 99, 110, 111, 112, 123 Guidelines, see Experiment planning; Information sources; Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries; Material Safety Data Sheets; Regulations and legislation H Hair and hair follicles, 38, 83, 131 Halides, 51, 102, 166 Halocarbons, 51 Halogens and halogenating agents, 54, 55, 85, 97, 103 in wastes, 142, 143, 146 Halon, 135 Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, 34 Hands, see Gloves and hand protection Hazard evaluation, 3-4, 5, 25-26, 31, 81, see also Risk assessment information sources, 3, 31-35, 81 57 67 68, 74-75, 84, toxicity, 3, 35-46 Hazardous Materials Transportation Uniform Safety Act, 201, 209 Hazard reduction, see Source reduction; Waste treatment methods Hazardous Substance Data Base (HSDB)

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From page 420...

... Induction heaters, 59 Induction periods, 57, 86, 97 Industrial hygiene offices, 23, 31, 4243, 81 Industrial laboratories, 18, 32, 65 Industry, see Industrial laboratories; Manufacturers and suppliers Inert materials and gases, 55, 96, 101, 129, 149 cryogens, 57, 129 Infectious agents, 6, 7, 60, 93-94, 151, 156, 157 Inflammability, see Flammability Information sources, 31-35 flammability, 32, 34, 49, 86, 95 risk assessment, 3, 4, 25, 31-35, 47 toxicity, 31, 33, 34, 35, 236 see also Documentation and recordkeeping; Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries; Material Safety Data Sheets Infrared radiation, 58, 59, 119, 132 Ingestion, 38-39 protection against, 82-83, 92, 94 Inhalation, 36, 37-38, 39, 40, 42 protection against, 83, 92, 94 Inhibitors, 51, 55, 101 Injection, 39, 83, 94 Injuries, 37, 57, 60, 104, 109, 120, see also First aid procedures Inorganic compounds waste treatment, 163-171 Inorganic Syntheses, 160 Inspections and audits, 8, 11, 83, 175177, 228 of experiment plans, 25 pressure devices, 124, 127 safety and emergency equipment, 7, 8, 11, 25, 136, 137 Institutional structures, 15-16, 18, 2324 Instructors, see Teachers and instructors Insurance requirements, 72 Interlocks, 91, 126 Intermittent exposure, 36, 37 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) , 43, 44, 203, 204 International Loss Control Institute (ILCI)

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From page 421...

... . Laboratory coats, 83-84, 98, 131, 132 Laboratory Environment, The, 34 Laboratory hoods, see Fume hoods Lab Packs, 6, 19, 146, 147, 150 LAH, see Lithium aluminum hydride Lamps, see Lasers; Light and lighting Landfills, 6, 19, 141, 146, 147, 208 Lasers, 58-59, 82, 109, 119, 133 Latency and "delayed" toxicity, 36, 37, 39, 40, 45 allergens, 40, 43 Law, see Liability; Litigation and lawsuits; Regulations and legislation LC, see Lethal dose and lethal concentration values LCSS, see Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries LD, see Lethal dose and lethal concentration values Lead and lead compounds, 56, 77, 103, 152, 153, 155, 156, 346-347 Leaks, 123, 125 flammable gases, 51, 88-89, 96 Legal issues, see Liability; Litigation and lawsuits; Regulations and legislation 421 LEL, see Lower explosive limit Less Is Better: Laboratory Chemical Management for Waste Reduction, 4, 64 Lethal dose (LD)

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From page 422...

... , 204 exposure limits, 8, 32, 42, 91, 199, 203 Hazard Communication Standard, 8, 32, 72, 199, 204-205 Hazardous Energy Standard, 109, 199 Laboratory Standard, 1, 8, 9, 19, 32, 41, 44-45, 72, 198, 199, 202-205, 219-234 Material Safety Data Sheets, 31 Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens, 6, 7, 151, 156, 157, 199 Personal Protection Standard, 83, 199 Respiratory Standard, 136 Odor and odor thresholds, 42, 70, 236 Odor. Note: Information about specific chemicals (indicated by boldface)

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From page 423...

... , 51, 57, 101, 128, 366367 Ozone, 37, 103, 368-369 p Palladium on carbon, 58, 96, 103, 370-371 Paracelsus, 36 Paraformaldehyde, see Formaldehyde Parr bombs, 103 "Particularly hazardous substances," 41-42, 47, 203-204 Particulates, 56 inhalation of, 37, 38, 136 Patly's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 34, 47 Pd/C, see Palladium on carbon Peer inspections, 8, 177 Pentane, 88 Peracetic acid, 372-373 Perchlorates, 54, 55, 58, 96, 103, 374375 Perchloric acid, 55, 75, 95, 97, 103, 170-171, 374-375 Permanganates, 97, 103 Permissible exposure limits (PELs) , 42, 47, 203, 204, 222 Perosmic oxide, see Osmium tetroxide Peroxides and peroxide formation, 56, 67, 84, 96, 97, 102, 103, 162-163 organic, 54-55, 58, 75, 76, 97, 99-101, 162, 221 Peroxyacetic acid, see Peracetic acid Personal protective equipment, 26, 43, 90, 93, 98, 128, 131-133, 230 emergencies and spills, 32, 88, 135, 149 see also Clothing and protective apparel; Gloves and hand protection; Respirators Petroleum ether, 88 Phenol, 38, 39, 40, 152, 376-377 Phenylamine, see Aniline Phenylmethane, see Toluene Phorbol esters, 44 Phosgene, 37, 66, 378-379 Phosphate buffer, 35 423 Phosphine, 105 Phosphorus, 39, 50, 103-104, 380-381 Phosphorus pentoxide, 40, 102 Phosphorus bichloride, 104 Physical properties information sources, 33, 34 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 33 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 4, 31, 32 of product mixtures, 25 in risk assessment, 25, 42, 90 of wastes, 6, 142 Note: Information about specific chemicals (indicated by boldface)

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From page 424...

... , 35 Regulations and legislation, 2, 8-10, 15, 16, 19-20, 198-202 compliance monitoring, 8, 16, 25 electrical codes, 109, 112 and experiment planning, 23, 25, 26-27 fines, 6, 8, 19, 147, 198, 201 fire codes, 34, 67, 72, 74 geographic consistency, 9-10 multihazardous waste, 6, 7, 10, 150-160 performance-based, 9 radioactive waste, 6, 7, 10, 151-154, 157-159 shipping and transport, 25, 68-69, 209 state, 8, 204 storage, 25, 67, 72 waste disposal, 5-6, 7, 8-9, 26, 81, 84, 141, 143-145, 146, 205-209 waste treatment, 6, 7, 9, 76, 81, 147, 148, 208 see also Exposure limits; INDEX Occupational Safety and Health Administration Regulators, see Pressure regulators Relief devices, see Pressure relief devices Remote operations, 61, 94, 99, 125 Repair, see Maintenance and repair Reproductively Active Chemicals: A Reference Guide, 46 Reproductive toxicity, 36, 40, 41, 4446, 61, 203, 204, 221 information sources, 33, 34, 46 Research laboratories, 2, 3, 18, 19, 22, 65, 71, 152, 156 Resins, 155 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) , 6, 8-9, 76, 144, 147, 152, 160, 198, 199, 205-209 Respiration, see Inhalation; Respirators Respirators, 26, 92, 93, 94, 135-136, 137, 149, 224 Reuse, see Recycling Review, see Experiment planning; Literature reviews Risk assessment, 3-4, 24, 25, 31, 47, 64 emergency response, 25 explosibility, 46, 54-57 flammability, 46, 48-51 information sources, 3, 4, 25, 31-35, 47 physical hazards, 57-60 reactivity, 46, 51-54 toxicity, 41-46, 47, 90-91 waste disposal, 6, 67 Rotary evaporators, 131 Rotating equipment, 109, 120, 176 Route of exposure, see Exposure routes Rubber buckets, 60, 69 Runaway reactions, 57, 86, 97, 124-125 Safety cans, 74, 75, 85, 145 Safety glasses, 26, 43, 81, 92, 98, 119, 132 Safety programs, see Environmental health and safety programs Safety showers, 84, 86, 87, 89, 92, 135, 136, 137 Salmonella, 94 Salt baths, 95, 114, 117 Sand baths, 95, 114, 117 Sanitary sewers, see Sewer disposal SARA, see Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 34, 41 Scale of operation, 2, 19, 22, 23, 25, 32, 44, 66, 86, 160 and explosion hazards, 57, 58, 86, 97, 99 miniaturization, 2, 4, 5, 18, 32, 57, 65, 153 Schools, see Teaching laboratories Scrubbers, 26, 92, 188 Sebaceous glands, 38 Secondary education, see High school laboratories Security guards, 86, 91 Seismic activity, 51, 73, 74, 122 Select carcinogens, 41, 43-44, 203-204, 221 Sensitivity of instruments, 2, 65 Sensitizers, see Allergens and allergic reactions Sewer disposal, 50, 85, 147, 148 hazard reduction, 66 multihazardous waste, 6, 7, 151, 152, 153, 154, 156, 159 Shaker vessels, 127 Sharing of chemicals, see Transfer and exchange Sharps, 39, 83, 94 disposal, 6, 7, 39, 83, 120, 148, 151, 157, 159 Shelf life and expiration dates, 4, 25, 70, 75, 93, 99, 100 Shelving, 68, 72, 73 Shipment and transport, 4, 32, 49, 6869 regulations, 25, 68-69, 209 waste, 146, 209 Shock, see Electrocution and electric shock; Mechanical shock Shoes and boots, 32, 132, 149, 230 coverings, 88, 132 Short-term exposure limits (STELs)

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From page 425...

... , 9, 200, 210 Supervision, see Administration and supervision Suppliers, see Manufacturers and suppliers Sweat glands, 38 Swern oxidation, 66 Symptoms, see Exposure signs and symptoms Syringe injection calorimetry (SIC) , 97 Syringes, see Needles and syringes Systemic toxicity, 35, 39, 41 T TBHP, see tert-Butyl hydroperoxide TDI, see Toluene diisocyanate Teachers and instructors, 2,10,16,17 Teaching laboratories biohazards, 60 and computer simulation, 2, 18 experiment planning, 22, 24 graduate, 2,16,17-18, 22 legal issues, 19-20, 204 material reduction and miniaturization, 18, 57, 65, 66 and Material Safety Data Sheets, 32 recycling and transfer, 71, 76, 77 and source reduction, 18,19 undergraduate, 2,16,17, 22, 24, 57, 76 waste management, 10,16, 65, 66, 141, 150 Teamwork, 14, 15 Technicians, 15, 17 Technological advances, 2, 4, 18 Teflon, 100,124,126, 127 Telephones, 81, 83, 86, 87,133, 137 Temperature extremes 57 109,126, , , 127 Teratogens, see Developmental toxicity; Reproductive toxicity Testing, see Monitoring and testing Tetracarbonyl nickel, see Nickel carbonyl Tetrachloromethane, see Carbon tetrachloride Tetrahydrofuran (THF)

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From page 426...

... Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) , 9, 200, 210-212 Toxins and toxicity, 3, 41-46, 47, 90-91 information sources, 31, 33, 34, 35, 236 in Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries, 4, 33, 235, 236 in Material Safety Data Sheets, 4, 31, 32 mixtures and combinations, 3, 25, 35-36, 51, 57, 81, 93 reduction of, 65, 90 spills, 88, 92-93 target organs, 35, 39, 41 see also Acute toxicity; Allergens and allergic reactions; Asphyxiants; Carcinogens; Chronic toxicity; Corrosives and corrosivity; Developmental toxicity; Irritants; Neurotoxicity; Reproductive toxicity; and under headings beginning with "Exposure" in this index TOXLINE, 35 Toxoplasma, 94 Trace metals, 97 Trachea, 37 Training, see Education and training in safety practices Transfer and exchange of chemicals, 69, 70-71 inventory and tracking, 69, 70, 71 unused and excess material, 65, 67, 69 Transport, see Shipment and transport Treatment, see Waste treatment methods Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDF)

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From page 427...

... INDEX in Material Safety Data Sheets, 31, 32 nonhazardous, 6, 65, 85, 148-149 offsite TSDF, 147, 149-150 peroxides, 55, 100-101, 102 radioactive, 6, 7, 10, 94-95, 150-155, 157-160 records, 6, 141, 146 regulations, 5-6, 7, 8-9, 26, 81, 84, 141, 143-145, 146, 205-209 satellite accumulation, 84, 145, 146, 206-207 sharps, 6, 7, 39, 83, 120, 148, 151, 157, 159 at small institutions, 10, 147, 150 storage, 6, 84, 145-146, 154 surplus material, 4, 64-65, 67 toxins, 93, 144-145 see also Incineration; MultThazardous waste; Sewer disposal; Waste minimization; Waste treatment methods 427 Waste minimization, 2, 9, 18, 19, 22, 26, 64, 65-67, 76, 147, 208 multihazardous, 7, 67, 151, 152, 153, 154-155, 157 unused material, 64-65 see also Recycling; Source reduction Waste treatment methods, 6, 26, 65, 93, 146-147, 160-171 multihazardous waste, 6-7, 67, 153, 154-155, 159-160 neutralization, 6, 26, 85, 142, 147, 154, 155, 160-161 regulations, 6, 7, 9, 76, 81, 147, 148, 208 Wastewater, see Sewer disposal Water, 36, 82, 98, 134 Water-cooled equipment, 109 Water gas, see Hydrogen Water-miscible substances, 85, 148 Water pressure, 81 Water reactivity, 50, 51, 54, 55, 75, 95, 97, 103, 165-166 of wastes, 142, 144 Water solubility and body tissues, 37, 38, 39 of wastes, 142, 148 Welding gas, see Acetylene Wet oxidation, 160 White phosphorus, see Phosphorus Wiring and cables, 110-111, 114-115, 119, 175 Wood alcohol, see Methanol Work flow, 3, 20, 22, 24 Working alone, 86, 90, 230 X X-rays and x-ray equipment, 60, 61, 109, 119-120 Xylene, 76 Zirconium, 56, 102

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Index Pages 415-427

Index
Pages 415-427